Week 1: Thorax

Question 1

Name the muscle that ‘completes’ the trachea posteriorly

Answer 1

Trachealis m.

Question 2

How many lobes in the left lung?

Answer 2

Two. The superior and inferior lobes, separated by the oblique fissure.

Question 3

Why are bronchioles more prone to collapse than bronchi?

Answer 3

Bronchi still have the remains of cartilage from the rings of the trachea, but they now sit as plates, which prevents their collapse. Bronchioles don’t have that structural support from the cartilage, which facilitates airways collapse.

Question 4

Alveoli (define)

Answer 4

Small sacs located at the end of the bronchioles, their very thin membrane allows for gas exchange to occur.

Question 5

How many lobes in the right lung?

Answer 5

Three. The superior, inferior and middle lobes. The superior and middle lobe are separated by the horizontal fissure, whilst the middle and inferior are separated by the oblique fissure.

Question 6

The cardiac notch is located on the

Answer 6

Left lung

Question 7

The horizontal fissure divides the

Answer 7

Superior and the middle lobes

Question 8

Pulmonary arteries (location in hilum)

Answer 8

Superior and posterior to the pulmonary veins.

Question 9

Pulmonary veins (location in hilum)

Answer 9

Inferior and anterior to the pulmonary arteries.

Question 10

The visceral pleural adheres to the

Answer 10

Viscera = lungs

Question 11

Vagus n. runs ____________ to the hilum

Answer 11

Posterior

Question 12

Phrenic n. runs ____________ to the hilum

Answer 12

Anterior

Question 13

If looking at the hilum you only see one bronchi, it is most likely the

Answer 13

Left lung

Question 14

Pain from the lungs is usually referred into the

Answer 14

Upper thorax

Question 15

The visceral pleural adheres to the

Answer 15

Lungs

Question 16

Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart into the lungs

Answer 16

Pulmonary arteries

Question 17

Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart

Answer 17

Pulmonary veins

Question 18

Name the two major functions of the ribs.

Answer 18

→ Protection of vital organs such as the lungs and heart

→ Mechanical basis for breathing

Question 19

Which rib numbers correspond to typical ribs?

Answer 19

3-9

Question 20

Which rib numbers correspond to atypical ribs?

Answer 20

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

Question 21

Intercostal muscles that depress the thoracic cage

Answer 21

Latral Internal Intercostal muscles (hands in boobs direction aka postero-inferior)

Question 22

Intercostal muscles that elevate the thoracic cage

Answer 22

External Intercostal muscles (hands in pockets direction aka antero-inferior) and Medial Internal Intercostals (hands in boobs)

Question 23

Intercostal muscles oriented posteroinferiorly

Answer 23

Internal Intercostal m. and Innermost Intercostal m.

Question 24

Intercostal muscles discontinuous

Answer 24

Innermost Intercostal m.

Question 25

The neurovascular bundle that runs in the intercostal space sits between which layers of intercostal muscles?

Answer 25

Between the innermost and internal intercostal muscle layers.