WEEK 3 TERMS

Question 1

Chorale

Answer 1

a congregation song or hymn in German rather than Latin; designed to be memorable and easily singable, with a strophic form and a tuneful, metrical melody

Question 2

Chorale prelude

Answer 2

a relatively short setting from the organ of a single chorale strophe, intended to introduce the hymn tune to be sung by the congregation

Question 3

Cantata

Answer 3

a composition combining voices and instruments and cast in several distinct sections or movements, two or more of them based on the text (and usually melody) of a German Chorale. Starting in the 1720s, J.S. Bach composed examples of a cantata type for Lutheran services where the interior movements, set as recitatives and arias, are based on poetic paraphrases of the internal strophes of a chorale, while the outer movements retain the original text and melody of the first and last chorale strophes.

Question 4

Passion

Answer 4

the story of Jesus’s crucifixion, as recorded in the Gospel of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

Question 5

Fugue

Answer 5

a musical work that could be paired with a toccata or prelude or be its own individual piece based on a single theme (subject).

Question 6

Concerto

Answer 6

an instrumental composition, written for one or more soloists accompanied by an orchestra or other ensemble

Question 7

Concerto grosso

Answer 7

a concerto where a small ensemble of soloists (the concertino) is contrasted with a larger group of players (the ripieno)

Question 8

ritornello form

Answer 8

material played by the full ensemble (and brought back by them, in whole or in part) that alternates with solo episodes (which often modulate and sequence); usually, the structure of the first & last movements of concertos