Week 3: Socialization

Question 1

What is socialization?

Answer 1

the process of cultural transmission

Question 2

What are the four components of the socialization process?

Answer 2

1. An agent: someone who serves as a source of what is being learned
2. A learning process
3. A target: a person who is being socialized
4. An outcome: something that is being learned

Question 3

What is primary socialization?

Answer 3

socialization that occurs during childhood, when the target is characterized by permeability, dependency, and restricted agency

Question 4

What is secondary socialization?

Answer 4

socialization that occurs during adolescence and through adulthood

Question 5

What are the three formal agents of socialization?

Answer 5

1. The family
2. The school
3. The workplace

Question 6

What are two informal agents of socialization?

Answer 6

1. Peer groups
2. Mass media

Question 7

What is the hidden curriculum?

Answer 7

the subtle ways that students are exposed to different messages and curricular materials from their teachers

Question 8

According to Karin Martin, how do teachers gender the bodies of female preschoolers?

Answer 8

teachers instruct children how to behave in ways believed to be gender appropriate

-girls are more likely to be encouraged to pursue formal behaviors, quieter voices, and substantive bodily instructions

Question 9

What is resocialization?

Answer 9

when individuals are reprogrammed to internalize new and usually extreme values, beliefs, and norms

Question 10

What is a total institution?

Answer 10

places where subjects are intentionally isolated from wider society

Question 11

According to Gwynne Dyer, what is the purpose of basic training?

Answer 11

Basic training is the method used to transform the trainees’ values and loyalties

Question 12

According to George Herbert Mead, what are the three stages of self-development?

Answer 12

1. Language stage: learning language
2. Play stage: learning social rules
3. Game stage: learning the rules of play

Question 13

What is the generalized other?

Answer 13

the attitudes and expectations held in common by members of one’s community which become taken towards oneself

Question 14

According to Charles Cooley, what is the looking glass self?

Answer 14

our self-image is based on how others respond to our actions

Question 15

What are reflected appraisals?

Answer 15

self-assessments informed by the responses of others

Question 16

According to Kingsley Davis, what are the effects of social isolation?

Answer 16

Isolation inhibits normal cognitive development