Week 3 quiz Flashcards
Fertility Rate
Number of births per 1000 women between ages 15 and 44 (inclusive)
Infant mortality rate
Number of deaths of infants younger than 1 year per 1000 live births
Birth rate
Number of births in 1 year per 1000 population
Maternal mortality rate
Number of maternal deaths from births and complications from pregnancy, birth, and puerperium, per 100,000 live births
Neontal mortality rate
Number of deaths of infants younger than 28 days of age per 1000 live births.
Most common causes of neonate mortality
- Preterm birth
- Intrapartum-related complications
- Infections and birth defects
Perinatal mortality rate
Number of stillbirths and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births
Still birth
An infant who at birth shows no signs of life such as breathing, beating heart, or voluntary muscle movements.
The two ovarian hormones that impact the uterine endometrium and their impact.
- Estrogen: Effects bone growth in females, as higher levels help close the epiphyseal lines of long bones around the time of menarche
- Progesterone: Helps maintain pregnancy and also helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy
The two pituitary hormones that impact egg maturation in the human female
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
The two pituitary hormones that impact egg maturation in the human female
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Signs of complications of IUD (PAINS)
○ P - period late, abnormal spotting or bleeding
○ A - abdominal pain, pain with intercourse
○ I - infection exposure, abnormal vaginal discharge
○ N - Not feeling well, fever or chills
○ S - string missing, shorter or longer
Medical and lifestyle Contraindications for use of IUD
- Heavy smokers over the age of 35
- HTN, coronary artery disease
- Strong familial history of diabetes with vascular complications
Medical and lifestyle Contraindications for use of birth control pills
- increased risk of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer
- S/E: N/V, possible wt gain, possible breakthrough bleeding initially, Milf HTN,
breast tenderness, mood changes
Signs and complications w/ oral contraceptions (ACHES)
○ A - abdominal pain: may indicate a problem with liver or gallbladder
○ C - Chest pain or shortness of breath: indicates clot problem within lungs or heart
○ H - headaches (sudden or persistent): may be caused by CVA or HTN
○ E - eye problems: indicate vascular accident or HTN
○ S - severe leg pain: indicates a thromboembolic process
Contraindications of BCP
○ Hist of thromboembolic disorders
○ CVA or coronary artery disease
○ Breast cancer, Estrogen dependent tumors, and pregnancy
○ Impaired liver function, liver tumor, lactation less than 6 wks postpartum
○ Smoking if older than 35 years of age, migraine with aura
○ Surgery with prolonged immobilization or any surgery on the legs
○ HTN over or equal to 160/100, diabetes mellitus, and vascular disease
Baseline FHR
Approximate average FHR rounded to increments of 5 bpm during a 10
minute segment. Sometimes using a line that appears down the middle of the bpms can
be helpful.
Early labor
mild contractions every 5 - 15 minutes that last 60 - 90 seconds
Active labor
contractions about every 3 minutes, that last about 45 seconds.
Second stage of labor
contractions closer together (2 - 5 min) lasting 60 - 90 seconds. (When baby is delivered)
Stage 3 of labor
Placenta is delivered
Variability
Variability is good. We want it to vary in a range of 6 - 25 BPM (moderate).
Accelerations
Good ! Most common FHR change
○ abrupt increase in FHR above baseline peak
Early Decelerations
○ Early: assoc. w/ uterine contractions. 1st stage of labor. More than 15 bpm drop from baseline, lasting at least 2 min. Reassuring assoc. w/ baro & chemoreceptors.
Variable decelerations
not good. w/ or w/ out contractions. Drop in at least 15 bpm, for 15 sec to 2 min. Could be cord compression = change mom’s position
Late decelerations
After peak or “nadir” of contraction. Lasts less than 2 min. Could indicate insufficient fetal oxygen reserve. Acidemia can happen.
Cephalocaudal direction
- travel from head to toe the 1st year of life in increments of 3 months
- Then, 2nd year of life go in increments of 6 months
Developmental milestone: 3 mon
maintains head upright (head)
Developmental milestone: 6 mon
Sits upright (trunk)
Developmental milestone: 9 mon
crawling (legs)
Developmental milestone: 12 mon
Walking/taking 2 - 3 steps (feet)
Developmental milestone: 18 mon
Running (legs)
Developmental milestone: 2 yrs
Jumping (feet leave ground)
Theorists and summary of their “Emotional Growth and Development” theories
○ Sigmund Freud = theory of psychosexual development
○ Jean Piaget = cognitive development
○ Erik Erickson = psychosocial theory
○ Lawrence Kohlberg = moral development
Freud’s theory
■ Oral stage is birth to 1 year: erogenous zone is mouth
■ Anal stage: 1 - 3 yr, erogenous zone is bowel and bladder control
■ Phallic stage: 3 - 6 yr, erogenous zone is genitals
■ Latent stage: 6 - puberty, libido inactive
■ Genital stage: puberty to death, maturing sexual interest
Piaget’s theory
○ Cognitive development = ways in which the mind organizes and adapts to its
environment
○ Schema = individuals framework of thought. Categories that an individual forms
in order to organize and understand the world.
○ Assimilation = ability to incorporate new ideas, objects, experiences into one’s
framework of thoughts. You use what you know, to understand new info.
○ Accommodation = ability to change a schema to introduce new ideas etc. This
changes the mental structure so that new experiences can be added.
Piaget’s accommodation stages
Sensorimotor: birth - 2 yrs. From reflex activity to imagining. Learns about
reality.
■ Preoperational stage: 2 - 7 yrs. Learns concept of past, present, future.
Moves from thinking in senses, to thinking in solution problems and active
thought. Egocentric, no abstract thinking.
■ Concrete operational: 7 - 11 yrs. Able to classify and order facts. Can
solve concrete problems though logic. Begins abstract thinking. Less
egocentric.
■ Formal operational: 11 - adult. Can think abstractly and logically. Solves
abstract and concrete probs.
Erickson’s theory
Psychosocial development occurs through a series of crises affected by social and cultural factors. Unsuccessful resolution of crises can leave a person emotionally disabled.
Erickson’s developmental stages
Infancy (birth - 18 mo): Trust vs mistrust. Task is attachment to the primary caregiver.
■ Early childhood (18 m - 3 yrs): Autonomy vs shame and doubt. Task is gaining some basic control over self and environment
■ Late childhood (3 - 6 yrs): Initiative vs guilt. Task is becoming purposeful and directive
■ School age (6 - 12 yrs): Industry vs inferiority. Task is developing social, physical and learning skills
■ Adolescence (12 - 20 yrs): Identity vs role confusion. Task is Developing sense of identity.
■ Early adulthood (20 - 35 years): Intimacy vs isolation love and friendship. Task is establishing intimate bonds of family.
■ Middle adulthood (35 - 65 yrs): Generativity vs stagnation. Task is fulfilling life goals, family, career, society.
■ Later adulthood (65 years - death): Integrity vs Despair. Task is looking back over life, and accepting its meaning.
Kohlberg
- Level One: Pre-conventional Morality
- Level two: Conventional Morality → child conforms to rules to please others
- Level Three: Post-conventional Morality. Develops in adolescents around age 14
