Week 3 - Pharynx Flashcards
Alternitive name for the nostrils?
Nares
Alterntive name for the cupids bow?
Philtrum
The pharynx is made up of three cavities, what are they?
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
The muscles of the pharynx are split into three sections what are they?
- Superior constrictor
- Middle constrictor
- Inferior constrictor
What is the job of the muscles of the pharynx?
They pull the pharyngeal walls inwards and forward to constric the pharyngeal tube
What does the salpingopharyngeus do?
Pulls side walls UP and IN
What does the stylopharyngeus do?
Pulls side walls OUT and UP
What does the palatopharyngeus do?
Pulls side walls IN and UP
What are the 4 parts to the nasal cavity?
- Nasal Fossae
- Nasal septum
- Hard palate
- The eustachian tube
What is the nasal fossae?
The nasal septum divides the cavity into two cavities known as fossae
Whhat is the nasal septum?
A wall of cartillage divides the nose into 2 seperate chambers
What is the hard palate (in relation to the nasal cavity)?
It formally seperates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities, forming the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity
What is the eustachin tube?
it is an opening that connects the middle ear with the nasal sinus cavity
What does the eutachin tube help to do?
- Balance pressure in the middle ear
- Drain fluid from the middle ear
What two things make up the oropharynx cavity?
- Anterior faucial pillar (palatoglossus muscle)
- Posterior faucial pillar (palatopharyngeal muscle)
Is the velopharyngeal port opened or closed during swallowing?
closed during swallowing
Is the velopharyngeal port opened or closed when breathing through the nose?
Open to allow air thruogh nasal cavities
Is the velopharyngeal port opened or closed for oral sounds?
Closed to allow high air pressure oral sounds
What does the palatal levato do?
Draws velum UP and BACK
Whats another name for palatal levator?
Levator veli palatini
Glossopalatine (palatoglossal) does what?
Can pull velum DOWN and BACKWARDS
Pharyngopalatine (palatopharyngeus) does what?
Can pull velum DOWN and BACKWARDS
What are some possible imprarements of velum?
- cleft palate
- Bifid/split uvula
- Velopharyngeal incompetence
- Enlarge tonsils
The velopharyngeal development in infants
- In infants the larynx moves up and down lengthening pharynx
- velophaynx closes for vocalisation at approx. 2 months
- Adenoids grow during children and then atrophy
Which muscle forms a sling around the velum that functions to elevate the palate?
Levator veli palatini
What is the other name for the nasopharyngeal tonsil?
- adenoid
What are the nasal choanae?
They are the openings of the nasal cavities into the nasopharynx
What is the other name for the auditory tube?
Eustachian tube
When you ask someone to say “ah” and look into her mouth, the part of the pharynx you can see without special equiptment is:
The oropharynx
When the paired palatal levator muscles contracts, the velum is:
Lifted upward and backward, on an angle toward the back wall of the pharynx
The three divisions of the pharynx, from top to bottom, are the:
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
What do the superio, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles have in common?
- Each of the muscles has fibres that arise from multiple structures
- Contraction of any one of the three muscles can produce a regional reduction in the cross-sectional dimensions of the pharyngeal tube
- Each of the muscles insterts to the median raphe
Where is the boundry between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?
at the level of the hard palate
When the paired palatal levator muscle contracts, the velum is:
Lifted upward and backward, on an angle towards the back wall of the pharynx
What do the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine muscles have in common?
both muscles appear to have the mechanical abiltiy to pull down on the velum
What is the velopharyngeal port?
The opening between the oral and nasal cavities
During sustained consonants sounds such as /s/ or /n/ or /r/, when is airtight velopharangeal closure absolutely required?
- When the sound is one for which there is requirement that air pressure in th moral cavity is raised above atmospheric pressure (such as during the friction interval of an /s/)
