Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > WEEK 3- PHARMACOKINETICS and PHARMACODYNAMICS > Flashcards

WEEK 3- PHARMACOKINETICS and PHARMACODYNAMICS Flashcards

1
Q

Is derived from the root word “pharma” which means drugs and “kinetics” which means movement or motion. Is the study of drug movement throughout the body. It also includes what happens to the drug as it makes it journey.

A

PHARMACOKINETICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics —Pharmacokinetic process?

A

ABSORPTION
DISTRIBUTION
METABOLISM
EXCRETION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is the biological membrane that surrounds every living cell to separate the internal components from the outside. Protects a cell. It is composed of phospholipid bilayer, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other components?

A

CELL MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 most important passages/ways are?

A
  1. PASSAGE THROUGH CHANNELS OR PORES
  2. PASSAGE WITH THE AID TRANSPORT SYSTEM
  3. DIRECT PENETRATION OF THE MEMBRANES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is a channel in a membrane is approximately small and only the smallest compound can pass through these channels?

A

PASSAGE THROUGH CHANNELS OR PORES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is a multi-drug transporter protein deserves special mention. It is a transmembrane protein that transports a wide variety of drugs out of cells?

A

P- GLYCOPROTEINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are the carriers that can move drugs from one side of the cell membrane to the other. Some transport systems require the expenditure of energy others do not?

A

PASSAGE WITH THE AID OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is also known as ATP, is a molecule that carries energy within cells?

A

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is defined as the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood. Absorption is the primary pharmacokinetic factor determining the length of time it takes to produce its effect?

A

ABSORPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To get across most membranes, the drug must be relatively non-polar?

A

“LIKES DISSOLVES LIKES”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

For most drugs, movement throughout the body is dependent on the ability to penetrate membranes directly.
A. Could either because most of drugs are too large pass through channels or pores
B. Most drugs lack transport system to help them cross all the membranes that separates them from their site of action, metabolism, and excretion

A

DIRECT PENETRATION OF THE MEMBRANES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is defined as the drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues and from there into cells, It involves the transport of the drug throughout the body?

A

DISTRIBUTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 8 factors that affect absorption?

A
  1. ADMINISTRATION ROUTE OF THE DRUG
  2. ABILITY OF MEDICINE TO DISSOLVE
  3. FOOD OR FLUIDS ADMINISTERED WITH THE DRUG
  4. BODY SURFACE AREA
  5. STATUS OF THE ABSORPTIVE SURFACE
  6. RATE OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE SMALL INTESTINE
  7. LIPID SOLUBILITY OF THE MEDICINE
  8. STATUS OF GI MOTILITY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It is also known as BIOTRANSFORMATION, defined as enzymatically mediated alteration of drug structure?

A

METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

It is the combination of metabolism plus excretion is called?

A

ELIMINATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It is the movement of drugs and their metabolites out of the body?

A

EXCRETION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most drug metabolism takes place in the? It is performed by the?

A

LIVER
HEPATIC MICROSOMAL ENZYME SYSTEM aka P450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

It is defined as the removal of drugs from the body?

A

DRUG EXCRETION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the body do to drugs: How will it get in?

A

ABSORPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drugs and their metabolites can exit the body in?

A

URINE
BILE
SALIVA
BREAST MILK
EXPIRED AIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the body do to drugs: How does it leave?

A

EXCRETION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the body do to drugs: How it is broken down?

A

METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the body do to drugs: Where will it go?

A

DISTRIBUTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Excretion: kidney

A

URINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Excretion: Skin
SWEAT
17
Excretion: Liver
BILE
18
Excretion: Lungs
EXPIRED AIR
18
It is a specialized target macromolecule that binds a drug and mediates its pharmacological action. "tagatanggap"
DRUG RECEPTORS
19
It comes from the root word "pharmaco" which means drug and "dynamics" which means change? It is the study of biochemical and physiology interactions of drugs at their sites of activity? Can be thought as the impact of drugs in the body?
PHARMACODYNAMICS
20
Is a reaction between two or more drugs or between a drug and a food, beverage, or supplement?
DRUG INTERACTION
21
What happens to a receptor?
1. BINDING 2. SIGNALING 3. INTERNALIZATION 4. a. DECOMPOSITION b. RECYCLING
21
It is the intensity of the effect produced for a given drug dose? "LAKAS"
POTENCY
21
Any functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects. The better the drug fits at the___ the more biologically active the drug is?
RECEPTOR SITES
21
"Bisa" describes the maximum response that can be achieved with a drug?
EFFICACY
21
It is defined as the strength of attraction between the drug and its receptor? Relationship-connection. "Pagkakaugnay"
AFFINITY
22
Where do you find the receptor?
CELL MEMBRANE
23
Is a compound naturally produced by the body which binds and activates that receptor? This can regulated by other molecule that either increase or reduce their activity.
ENDOGENOUS REGULATORY MOLECULES/ ENDOGENOUS LIGAND BINDS or METABOLITES
23
These are enzymes that can be regulated by other molecules that either increase or reduce their activity.
REGULATORY MOLECULES
23
Molecules that decrease the activity of an enzyme are called?
INHIBITORS
23
Drug-receptor interactions: Mimic or imitate the action of endogenous regulatory molecules?
ACTIVATORS
24
Molecules that increase the activity of an enzyme are called?
ACTIVATORS
25
Drug-receptor interactions: they can block the action of the endogenous regulatory molecules?
INHIBITORS
26
What are the 3 types of drug-receptor interactions?
AGONIST ANTAGONIST PARTIAL AGONIST
26
A drug that stimulates the opioid receptor one primary responsible for analgesia?
OPIODS
27
___ drugs mimics the natural agonist within our body binding to receptors to create the same effect but often with a much more significant physiological response?
AGONIST
28
Are substances within the body that have evolved to produce a response when they bind to and "switched on" a receptor.
NATURAL AGONIST
29
Produce their effect by preventing receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs. It blocks the access to a RECEPTOR. Sometimes called "blockers"
ANTAGONIST
30
aka. agonist-antagonist drug. Is an agonist that only has moderate intrinsic activity. It describes a medication that produces a weaker or less efficacious, response than an agonist. It can act as agonist as well as agonist.
PARTIAL AGONIST
31
Receptor + Agonist =
Drug Action/Effect
31
It is the graphical representation of the number of the patients responding to a drug action at different doses
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CURVE
32
Receptor + Antagonist =
No drug action/
32
Dose that produces therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patient. Sometimes report as the average or standard dose?
MEDIAN EFFECTIVE DOSE
33
Is a measure of a drug's safety margins. Comparing the effective dose and the lethal dose?
THERAPEUTIC INDEX
33
Therapeutic index: The higher the value?
THE SAFER THE MEDICATION
34
Formula of therapeutic index?
Median lethal dose (LD)/ Median effective dose (ED)
35
Is the relationship between the minimal versus the maximal amount of drug dose needed to produce the desired drug response?
DOSE RESPONSE
36
Is the relationship between the minimal versus the maximal amount of drug dose needed to produce the desired drug response?
DOSE RESPONSE
37
It is the time it takes to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after a drug is administered?
ONSET OF ACTION
37
Occurs when the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration?
PEAK ACTION
37
The length of time the drug has pharmacologic effect?
DURATION ACTION
38
T0-T2
PEAK
38
T0-T1?
ONSET
38
T1-T3?
DURATION
39
It is an index of maximal response a drug can produce? It is an important quality of drug?
MAXIMAL EFFICACY
39
Refers to the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect? May refer to the maximum response which can be achieved with the drug? "LAKAS"
POTENCY
40
It determines how much an administered dose gets to its sites of action?
PHARMACOKINETIC PROCESSES
40
What are the 4 factors influencing responses to drug?
1. ADMINISTRATION 2. PHARMACOKINETIC PROCESSES 3. PHARMACODYNAMICS 4. SOURCE OF INDIVIDUAL VARIATION
40
The drug, dosage, route, and timing of administration are important determinant of drug responses?
ADMINISTRATION
41
Characteristics unique to each patient can influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. Not everyone reacts to the same dose, some require a bit more, while ithers do not respond?
SOURCE OF INDIVIDUAL VARIATION
41
What are the 4 major pharmacokinetics?
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION,METABOLISM, EXCRETION
42
Once the drug reaches its site of action, ____ determine the nature and intensity of the responses. The impact of the drugs on the body and binding of drug to the receptor?
PHARMACODYNAMICS
43
SOURCE OF INDIVIDUAL VARIATION: Variables/factors that can influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics?
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS GENETIC FACTORS
44
Or the pharmacy act as amended all prescriptions must contain the name of the prescriber, office address, professional registration #, tax receipt#, patient's name, age, sex, date of prescription?
R.A 5921
44
States that only validity registered medical, dental, and veterinary practitioners, whether in private institutions/corporations or in the government are authorized to prescribed drugs. Requires that the drugs are written in their generic name?
R. A 6675
44
Known as the dangerous drug act?
R.A 6425
45
What section is ethical principle?
SECTION 8 and SECTION 10
45
What section is the guidelines to be observed?
SECTION 5
46
The commission or omission of act, pursuant to a duty that a reasonably prudent person in the same circumstance would or would not and acting or the non-acting of which is the proximate cause of injury to another person to his property?
PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE
46
Known as the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002?
R.A 9173
47
Includes the prescribing, dispensing, and administering a drug to a patient, has a series of checks along the way to help to catch errors before they occur? PHYSICIAN- PHARMACIST-NURSE
DRUG REGIMEN PROCESS
48
What are the ERRORS?
WRONG DRUG WRONG PATIENT WRONG DOSE WRONG ROUTE WRONG TIME
49
It is the direct administration/delivery of prescription medication to an individuals body by a legally authorized person, whether through injections, inhalation, ingestion, or other means?
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
50
16 Rights of Medication Administration: Pt ID, full name, hospital assigned identity number, date of birth ?
RIGHT PATIENT
50
16 Rights of Medication Administration: The right dose is the dose prescribed for the particular client. During these phase, the nurse verifies that: Drug dosage, dosage range, prescription itself, weight can chage daily so regular assessment of dosages is crucial?
RIGHT DOSE
51
16 Rights of Medication Administration: the nurse checks for adherance to the medication's prescribed frequency and time of Medication?
RIGHT TIME AND FREQUENCY
52
16 Rights of Medication Administration: necessary for adequate and appropriate absorption.
RIGHT ROUTE
53
16 Right of Medication administration: Means client receives the drug that was prescribed by the physician?
RIGHT DRUG
54
16 Right of Medication administration: Means client receives the drug that was prescribed by the physician?
RIGHT DRUG

Pharmacology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions