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258-Cog > Week 3-Perception > Flashcards

Week 3-Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Min amount of stimulation required to evoke perceptual sensation

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2
Q

JND-just noticeable diff

A

Min amount of differential stimulation required to note change between sensations

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3
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Same level of stimulus intensity does not generate same continuous level of response
(Ie-u get used to smells in the room over time)

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4
Q

Distal stimuli

A

Outside word

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5
Q

Sensory transducers

A

Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin

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6
Q

Proximal stimuli

A

Bodily sensations

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7
Q

Frequency selectivity on basilar membrane

A

Low frequencies at apex

Higher frequencies at base

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8
Q

Spatial location selectivity in striate cortex

A

Fine grain at focal point

Cruder analysis at periphery

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9
Q

Dichromates

A

Only have 2/3 cones

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10
Q

Tailoring

A

Sensory transducers specifically tailored for its environment and for survival behaviour.

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11
Q

Decision rules

A

Perceptual info is incomplete or ambiguous.

Bottom up needs top down decisions to be made for perception.

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12
Q

Generic viewpoint

A

Favour generic vs unique perspectives

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13
Q

Unconscious inferences

A

we choose most likely interpretation

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14
Q

Opponency theory

A

Establishes how B, G & R cones interact

Red opponent to green
Yellow is opponent to blue

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15
Q

Trichromacy theory

A

Establishes diff cones available to us.

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16
Q

Gestalt Principles (heuristics so not right all the time)

Pragnanz

A

Every stimulus pattern seen as simple as possible.

17
Q

Gestalt Principle

Similarity

A

Similar things appear grouped together

18
Q

Gestalt principles

Proximity

A

Things near together appear grouped together

19
Q

Gestalt principle

Closure

A

Propensity to see closed rather than open forms

20
Q

Gestalt principle

Good continuation

A

Points that when connected result in straight/smoothly curving lines belong together.

21
Q

Gestalt principle

Common fate

A

Things moving in same direction appear grouped together.

22
Q

Gestalt principle

Familiarity

A

Grouping more likely when we recognize what we see.

23
Q

Gestalt principle

Light fr above

A

Most light comes fr above

24
Q

Gestalt principle

Occlusion

A

We see a covered object as continuing from behind

25
Q

Bayesian Inference

A

Restates Helmhotz idea (word sounds) and quantifies how we decide about ambiguity.

Prior X likelihood = conclusion

26
Q

Visual agnosia

A

Inability to recognize faces/objects

27
Q

Dorsal pathway-Parietal Lobe

A

Object location (where)

28
Q

Ventral pathway-Temporal Lobe

A

Object identification (what)

29
Q

Speech segmentation

A

Ability to tell when one word in conversation ends and next one begins.

30
Q

Transitional probabilities

A

One sound follows another within a word

31
Q

Statistical learning

A

Learning transitional probabilities about characteristics of language

8 mos + starts (Saffran’s experiment)

32
Q

Helmholtz theory of unconscious inference (1866)

A

Perceptions are result of unconscious assumptions or inferences about environment

33
Q

Likelihood principle

A

We perceive object most likely caused pattern of stimuli received

34
Q

Regularities in environment

A

Certain characteristics of environment occur frequently

  • physical
  • semantic
35
Q

Physical regularities

A

Physical properties of environment regularly occurring

-trees more likely to be vertical than slanted or horizontal

36
Q

Oblique effect

A

Ppl perceive horizontal and verticals more easily than other orientations

37
Q

Semantic regularities

A

Characteristics associated w diff scenes

38
Q

4 conceptions of object perception

A
  • Helmholtz unconscious inference
  • Gestalt laws of organization (diff than other 3)
  • regularities in enviro
  • Bayesian inference

258-Cog (7 decks)

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