Week 3 - Peer Relations

Question 1

What age does peer interaction emerge and give examples

Answer 1

6 months
Vocalising
Looking
Gestures

12-24 months: taking turns talking and start to show preference for peers

Question 2

What are the categories of play?

Answer 2

Unoccupied behaviour
Solitary play
Onlooking behaviour
Parallel play
Associative play
Cooperative play

Question 3

What are the functions of play and peer interaction?

Answer 3

Cognitive development:
Problem solving
Exploration and practice
Learning different perspectives
Communication

Imagination and emotional development:
Social roles
Social scripts
Working with emotions

Social competence and socio-conventional understanding (what is ok)

Question 4

What are the gender differences in peer play?

Answer 4

Start to play differently from 3 years of age

Question 5

What is friendship?

Answer 5

At a basic level - preferred playmates

Ultimately aiming for self disclosure and shared intimacy

Question 6

What are the issues of research on friendship?

Answer 6

Complex and difficult to measure

Question 7

What are the 5 groups in the sociometric method?

Answer 7

Popular
Controversial
Rejected
Neglected
Average

Question 8

What is social understanding?

Answer 8

Taking perspective

Theory of mind (understanding that beliefs can be false-develops at 4 years)

Question 9

What is the advanced theory of mind?

Answer 9

5-11 years
Second order false belief (double bluff understanding)
Accepting different interpretations of the same information
Sarcasm and irony

Question 10

What are mirror neurons?

Answer 10

Understanding things through experiencing others doing it and imagining what that would feel like if we were them

Question 11

What are the stages of social information processing?

Answer 11

1) encoding of cues
2) interpretation of cues
3) clarification of goals
4) response access or construction
5) response decision
6) behavioural enactment

Question 12

What is autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 12

People with autism (1-68) have difficulties with aspects of social behaviour

Good (?) intellectual abilities, language and communication skills

Strong genetic link
Multiple pathways to development

Question 13

What are the possible explanations of autism?

Answer 13

Top-down: deficits in innate modules - small differences in biological characteristics might dictate future social interactions

Bottom-up: differences in identification with others
Different developmental pathways due to differences in visual systems
Inconsistencies in social experience