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AIT 670 > Week 3: Overview of Networking Concepts > Flashcards

Week 3: Overview of Networking Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Granting one party exclusive access of a shared transport path

A

impractical because it can delay all other parties

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2
Q

packet switching

A

They share by taking turns

To avoid long delays, the amount of data that can be transferred on a turn is limited

The unit of data that can be transferred at one time is called a packet

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3
Q

Two addresses are contained in the header of a packet

A

The source address (where the message came from)

The destination address (where the message is going)

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4
Q

A communication protocol is

A

an agreement that specifies a common language two computers use to exchange messages

The term comes from diplomacy

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5
Q

A computer communication protocol defines

A

The exact format and meaning of each message that a computer can send

The conditions under which a computer should send a given message

How a computer should respondwhen a message arrives

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6
Q

A computer communication protocol defines

A

The exact format and meaning of each message that a computer can send

The conditions under which a computer should send a given message

How a computer should respondwhen a message arrives

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7
Q

Encapsulation is

A

the addition of a header, and possibly a footer, to the data received by each layer from the layer above before it is handed off to the layer below

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8
Q

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

A

Each layer both performs specific functions to support the layers above it and uses the services offered by the layers below it

The three lowest layers focus on passing traffic through the network to an end system (hardware/firmware)

The top four layers come into play in the end system to complete the process (software)

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9
Q

Who standardized OSI Model

A

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

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10
Q

Layer 1

A

physical layer

connector and interface specifications

medium (cable) requirements

electrical, mechanical, functional, and procedural specifications for sending a bit stream on a computer network

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11
Q

Physical Layer components

A 
Cabling system components
Connector design and pin assignments
Hub, repeater, and patch panel specifications
Wireless system components
Network Interface Card (NIC)
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12
Q

Layer 2

A

data link layer

Allows a device to access the network to send and receive messages

Offers a physical address so a device’s data can be sent on the network

Works with a device’s networking software when sending and receiving messages

Provides error-detection capability

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13
Q

Layer 2 components

A

Network interface cards (NICs)
- NICs have a layer 2 or MAC address (Media Access Control)

Ethernet and Token Ring switches

Bridges (similar to switches)
- normally work in software

switches
- switches use Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) to perform the task on dedicated hardware

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14
Q

Layer 3

A

Network layer
modelprovides an end-to-end logical addressing system so that data packets can be routed across several layer 2 networks

Layer addresses can also be referred to as logical addresses

The Internet Protocol (IP)addresses make networks easier to both set up and connect with one another

Some basic security functionality can also be set up by filtering traffic using layer 3 addressingon routers or other similar devices

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15
Q

Layer 3 components

A

Router

When passing packets between different networks, it may become necessary to adjust their outbound size to one that is compatible with the layer 2 protocol that is being used

Routers at the network layer accomplish this via a process known as fragmentation

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16
Q

Layer 3 protocols

A

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Open version of Shortest Path First (OSPF)

17
Q

Layer 4

A

Transport layer
of the OSI model offers end-to-end communication between devices through a network

Depending on the application, the transport layer either offers reliable, connection-oriented or connectionless, best-effortcommunications

18
Q

Layer 4 protocols

A

the connection-orientedTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)

the connectionlessUser Datagram Protocol (UDP)

19
Q

Layer 4 functions

A

Client-side entity identification

  • Transmission-error detection
  • Confirmation that the entire message arrived intact

Segmentation of data for network transport

Control of data flow to prevent memory overruns

Establishment and maintenance of both ends of virtual circuits

  • Realignment of segmented data in the correct order on the receiving side

Multiplexing or sharing of multiple sessions over a single physical link

20
Q

Layer 5

A

Session Layer

establish, manage, and terminate a dialog through a network

21
Q

Layer 5 functions

A

-Virtual connection between application entities
Synchronization of data flow
-Creation of dialog units
Connection parameter negotiations
Partitioning of services into functional groups
Acknowledgements of data received during a session
Retransmission of data if it is not received by a device

22
Q

Layer 6

A

Presentation Layer

how an application formats the data to be sent out onto the network

23
Q

Layer 6 functions

A

Encryption and decryption of a message for security

Compression and expansion of a message so that it travels efficiently

24
Q

Layer 7

A

Application layer

an interface for the end user operating a device connected to a network

25
Q

Layer 7 functions

A

Support for file transfers
Ability to print on a network
Electronic mail
Browsing the World Wide Web

26
Q

TCP/IP Layers with UDP

A 
Application Layer (Application, Presentation, Session)
Transport Layer (Transport Layer)
Internet Layer (Network Layer)
Network Interface Layer (Data Link, Physical)
27
Q

TCP/IP Layers with TCP

A 
Application Layer (Application, Presentation)
Transport Layer (session, Transport Layer)
Internet Layer (Network Layer)
Network Interface Layer (Data Link, Physical)
28
Q

Network Interface Card

A

The networks may use different technologies

The computer can send or receive packets on any of the networks

29
Q

The process of selecting a network over which to forward a packet

A

routing

30
Q

Routers communicate with one another using routing protocols such as

A

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), to learn of other networks that are present and to calculate the best way to reach

31
Q

Locations that connect directly to the backbone are called

A

backbone sites

32
Q

tier 1 providers

A

Major ISPs that operate a backbone network

AT&T and Sprint are examples

33
Q

tier 2 providers

A

Regional ISPs

34
Q

tier 3 providers

A

Local ISPs

35
Q

A connection between a pair of tier 1 providers is called a

A

peering arrangement

36
Q

Tier 2 and 3 providers are___ a provider in a tier above them

A

customers of

37
Q

Residential and business customers usually connect to

A

regional or local provider

AIT 670 (11 decks)

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