Week 3 Objective Questions Flashcards
What is the chain of infection transmission?
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
What are the body’s natural defenses against infection?
Inflammatory response
Immune response
What are infection prevention strategies related to nursing care?
Immunizations
Hand Hygiene
PPE
Precautions
What makes medical and surgical asepsis different?
Surgical asepsis kills all microorganisms for surgical or sterile procedures; medical asepsis kills only some
Where are surgical asepsis techniques used?
Labor and delivery
OR
Certain diagnostic testing areas
Urinary Catheterization
What are the indications for a urinary catheter?
Urinary retention
Obstruction
Emptying bladder before/after exams or procedures
Need sterile urine specimen
Urine output for critically ill pts
Healing sacral or perineal wounds
When are standard precautions used?
For all hospital pts
Applies to blood, all body fluids, secretions and excretions except sweat
non-intact skin
mucous membranes
When are contact precautions used?
MRSA, VRSA, CRE, C DIFF
What are the principles of contact precautions?
Private room, the door may remain open
Wash hands with antimicrobial or waterless antiseptic agent
When are airborne precautions used?
TB, Varicella (Chicken Pox), Rubeola (Measles)
What are the principles of airborne precautions?
N-95
Private room and door remain closed
Negative air pressure
When are droplet precautions used?
Rubella, mumps, diphtheria, and adenovirus in infants and young children
What are the principles of droplet precautions?
Private room and door may remain open
Wash hands with antimicrobial or waterless antiseptic agent
Keep visitors at 3ft distance
What is the first stage of the infection cycle and what happens during it?
-Incubation period
-Organisms grow and multiply
What is the second stage of the infection cycle and what happens during it?
-Prodromal stage
-Person is at their most infectious at this stage
-vague and nonspecific signs and symptoms
What is the third stage of the infection cycle and what happens during it?
-Full stage of illness
-Specific signs and symptoms
What is the fourth stage of the infection cycle and what happens during it?
-Convalescent stage
-Body is recovering back to health
-Residual symptoms may linger
How does the body use the immune response as a line of defense?
-Destroys or reacts with cells the body recognizes as harmful
-Humoral Immunity
Antigen and Antibody
-Cell-mediated immunity
Increase lymphocyte production
How does the body use inflammation as a line of defense?
-Eliminates invading pathogens
-allows for tissue repair
What are the body’s first lines of defense?
-Saliva and tears (antibacterial enzymes)
-Skin prevents entry
-Mucus linings trap dirt and microbes
-Low PH in stomach kills harmful microbes
-good gut bacteria out compete bad
What are the 5 moments hand washing is indicated?
-Before touching the patient
-Before a clean or aseptic procedure
-After a body fluid exposure risk
-After touching a patient
-After touching patient surroundings
