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Fundamentals SEM2 > WEEK 3 Notes > Flashcards

WEEK 3 Notes Flashcards

peds sensory peds skin issues (notes from class)

1
Q

otitis media

A

results from inflammation in the middle ear
fluid accumulation causes pain and affects balance
bacterial, viral, or both

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2
Q

screening for otitis media

A

presentation of manifestations
signs would be: child pulling at ear, drainage, pain

otoscopic examination (green/brown drainage, red and inflamed membranes)

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3
Q

risk factors for otitis media

A

often cause is upper respiratory congestion

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4
Q

what to do before antibiotics for otitis media

A

wait and see method
fight off what is going on in their ear

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5
Q

medications to give for otitis media pain

A

Tylenol
Motrin
GIVEN BASED OFF WEIGHT

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6
Q

antibiotics for otitis media

A

amoxicillin
azithromycin
complete antibiotics fully, not just til you feel better

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7
Q

who does the hearing test for children?

A

audiologist (TEST Q)

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8
Q

types of hearing loss

A

conductive
sensorineural
mixed
acute vs. chronic

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9
Q

risk factors for hearing loss in children

A

meningitis
birth trauma (assisted deliveries)
high bilirubin levels (jaundiced) (hyperbilirubinemia)
TORCH infections (mom)
genetic anomalies

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10
Q

screening for hearing loss

A

after 1 month of age yearly until 21 years old at well visits

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11
Q

signs of hearing loss in children

A

lack of response
eye contact when speaking isn’t present
speech impediment
not engaged with other children

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12
Q

what signs are similar to hearing loss in children

A

signs of autism

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13
Q

3 R’s for pediatric hearing loss

A

rhythm, rhyme, repetition

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14
Q

strabismus

A

eye malalignment

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15
Q

types of strabismus

A

esotropia
exotropia
hypertropia
hypotropia

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16
Q

esotropia

A

one eye is straight and normal
one eye is looking in toward nose

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17
Q

exotropia

A

one eye is straight and normal
one eye is looking out toward ear

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18
Q

hypertropia

A

one eye is straight and normal
one eye is looking up

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19
Q

hypotropia

A

one eye is straight and normal
one eye is looking down

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20
Q

issues with strabismus

A

can’t read well
headaches
falls

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21
Q

treatment for strabismus

A

strengthen muscles and correct alignment

glasses
eye patches (over strong eye)
eye drops

eye surgery

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22
Q

eyeglasses can be what on a family?

A

financial strain

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23
Q

what to avoid with both otitis media, hearing loss, and vision impairments?

A

SMOKING

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24
Q

premature birth risks with vision

A

They have dyspnea but don’t put on O2 because 100% O2 can cause neuropathy

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25
Q

eye trauma

A

penetrating
perforating

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26
Q

penetrating eye trauma

A

goes in

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27
Q

perforating eye trauma

A

goes in and out

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28
Q

risk factors for eye trauma

A

rough kids that fight
curiosity
automobile injuries (wear seatbelts)

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29
Q

what to do if eye is blurry and bleeding?

A

eye trauma

DONT TOUCH ANYTHING IN IT. cover it up and go to the hospital

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30
Q

should the nurse ever remove anything from any eyes?

A

no

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31
Q

signs of eye injury

A

redness
itchy eyes
inflammation
CHEMICAL IN EYE: wash eye forever

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32
Q

water temp when rinsing eyes

A

tap water temp

not too hot

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33
Q

blindess

A

vision loss is not corrected by contacts/glasses/surgery

partial or complete

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34
Q

risk factors for blindness

A

vitamin A deficiency (eat carrots)
retinopathy of prematurity (babies on 100% O2)

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35
Q

legal blindness

A

20/200 or worse (with corrective devices)

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36
Q

blindness in children and lead to what risk?

A

risk of regression
might not milestones the same as other children

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37
Q

retinoblastoma

A

cancer from unknown growth of cells in the retina

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38
Q

retinoblastoma (hereditary vs not)

A

hereditary: both eyes
once you have it hereditarily, you are at an increased risk of other cancers later on in life
unilateral if NOT hereditary

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39
Q

risk factors for retinoblastoma

A

hereditary
young age
low maternal consumption of fruits/veggies

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40
Q

clinical presentation

A

 Eye pain
 Visual changes
 Strabismus (misalignment)
 Bleeding in the eye
 Eye bulging
 Non-reactive pupil
 White pupil reflex
 Pink appearance to the pupil

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41
Q

treatment for retinoblastoma

A

chemo/radiation
surgery, cryotherapy, and/or laser treatment

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42
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

soft tissue cancer within connective tissue

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43
Q

clinical presentation of Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

strabismus
bulging of the eye
vision changes

44
Q

risk factors for Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

males
prenatal exposure to toxins (marijuana, cocaine, radiation)

45
Q

treatment for Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

chemo
radiation
stem cell
surgery

46
Q

Eustachian tubes in children are more

A

horizontal than adults

47
Q

chronic vs. acute otitis media

A

chronic: long lasting and doesn’t resolve with treatment; can lead to necrosis and ischemia of tympanic tissue

acute: short term and complies with treatment

48
Q

are females or males more commonly diagnosed with otitis media

49
Q

most common clinical presentation of a child who has OM

A

rapid onset inflammation and pain in the ear

difficulty breathing
fever
tearfulness
diarrhea
poor appetite
vomiting

50
Q

f the child is unable to verbalize their manifestations of OM…

A

one may notice the child pulling at the affected ear and turning head from side to side

51
Q

otorrhea of OM

A

drainage of ear

yellow or green

52
Q

tympanic membrane perforation

A

commonly cause by OM

manifestations:
abrupt ear pain
vertigo
tinnitus
hearing loss in affected ear
bloody otorrhea

53
Q

most common age for ear infections in children

A

6 to 24 months old

54
Q

A nurse is caring for a 20-month-old client newly diagnosed with acute otitis media. The client’s parent states, “My baby needs ear tubes. This is the second ear infection in two years.”  Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

A

“Normally, ear tubes are not inserted until there are four or more ear infections in a 12-month period.”

55
Q

A nurse is caring for a child experiencing re-current OM. Which of the following complications should the nurse know the child is at risk for?

A

speech delays

56
Q

manifestations of strabismus

A

squinting
strabismus
vomiting
headache
diplopia
impaired depth perception

57
Q

A nurse is caring for a child suspected of having strabismus. Which of the following is true about strabismus?

A

may experience depth perception impairment

58
Q

A nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child in the outpatient ophthalmology clinic evaluated for possible strabismus. Which of the following findings by the ophthalmologist is indicative of the presence of strabismus?

A

Hirschberg test reveals asymmetrical light reflection.

59
Q

Mindy expects the ophthalmologist to present information about which of the following treatment options for strabismus?

A

eye patch
atropine eye drops
glasses
eye surgery

60
Q

penetrating trauma

A

Eye injury producing an entry wound without an exit wound 

61
Q

blunt force trauma

A

A forceful hit to the eye by an object

62
Q

perforating trauma

A

Eye injury producing an entry and exit wound   

63
Q

ruptured globe

A

Caused by impaired integrity to the outermost layer of the eye

64
Q

Eye trauma may present

A

obvious injury
bleeding
laceration

65
Q

child may report what with eye trauma

A

pain
sensation that something in in their eye
photophobia
blurred vision
floaters
diplopia

66
Q

A nurse is discussing eye injuries during a staff meeting. Which of the following activities is identified as having an increased risk for globe rupture injuries?

A

playing tennis

The nurse should identify that sports-related injuries such as football, baseball, and tennis are the most common causes of globe rupture injuries caused by blunt force trauma to the eye.

67
Q

complications of ocular trauma

A

endophthalmitis
hemorrhage
traumatic cataract
retinal detachment

68
Q

food sources of vitamin A

A

orange vegetables: pumpkin, Hubbard squash, carrots, sweet potatoes
eggs
green leafy vegetables
cantaloupes

69
Q

retinopathy of prematurity

A

Disease involving the vessels of the retina that may lead to vision loss or blindness.

happens when you give babies 100% O2 after birth

70
Q

A nurse is educating a parent about the benefits of feeding their child foods rich in vitamin A to support eye health. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates more education is needed?

A

Vitamin A is necessary to build eye muscle strength.

71
Q

Which of the following is a risk factor for blindness?

A

malnutrition
genetics
eye trauma
prematurity

72
Q

clinical presentation of blindness

A

unable to focus on an object or may not follow objects as they move

other manifestations:
photophobia
eye discomfort
floaters
sudden vision loss

73
Q

The two most common types of malignant pediatric ocular cancers

A

retinoblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma

74
Q

A nurse is caring for a child who has rhabdomyosarcoma. Which of the following manifestations would the nurse expect to see in this child?

A

bulging of the eye
misalignment of the eyes
description of worsening of vision in the last month

75
Q

age group most likely to be affected by retinoblastoma

A

children 2 years or younger

76
Q

prolonged exposure to blue lights from electronics can result in what

A

macular degeneration when older

77
Q

experiencing photophobia that leads to headaches

A

wear sunglasses while outdoors

78
Q

what can eye trauma put child at risk for

A

infection
blindness
tear in the sclera

79
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin that results in manifestations of redness and itching

80
Q

contact dermatitis

A

inflammation that occurs when the skin encounters an irritant

81
Q

irritants that can cause contact dermatitis

A

substances like perfumes
jewelry
plants like poison ivy/oak/sumac

82
Q

allergic contact dermatitis vs irritant contact dermatitis

A

ACD- allergen triggers an immune response
irritant contact- the irritant itself damages the skin

83
Q

clinical presentation of irritant contact dermatitis

A

redness
pruritus (itchy)
swelling
oozing
vesicles

84
Q

helpful non-medication treatment for contact dermatitis

A

calamine lotion
oatmeal baths
cool, wet compresses

85
Q

what can be used for pruritis for contact dermatitis

A

OTC antihistamines

86
Q

Clobetasol

A

topical corticosteriod
Decreases skin irritation, inflammation, and pruritus

87
Q

prednisone

A

corticosteriod
Decreases inflammation and is used in dermatologic and a variety of other conditions

adverse effects:
Weight gain, fluid retention, hypertension, behavioral disturbances, stomach irritation, increased blood sugar, adrenal suppression, immunosuppression, increased risk of infection, osteoporosis

88
Q

cephalexin

A

antibiotic; cephlosporin
Treats bacterial infections

adverse effects: Gastrointestinal upset, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain

take full course as directed by the provider

89
Q

dicloxacillin

A

antibiotic: penicillin

90
Q

diaphenhydramine

A

antihistamine
Treats allergic reactions and pruritus caused by histamine. Can be used off-label to help with sleep due to sedative effects.

adverse effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth

avoid in kids under the age of 6

91
Q

cetirizine

A

second-gen antihistamine
Treats allergic reactions and pruritus caused by histamine

can cause headache and drowsiness

92
Q

antihistamines in children

A

can cause excitability
toxicity can occur (hallucinations or double vision)

93
Q

clinical presentation of poison ivy

A

papule
vesicles
bullae
(linear)

94
Q

bullae

A

large fluid filled blisters

95
Q

papules

A

small, inflamed, raised areas on the skin

96
Q

vesicle

A

A cyst or blister on the skin that is filled with fluid.

97
Q

without treatment, how long does it take for poison ivy dermatitis to self-resolve

98
Q

burned urushiol

A

can cause it to go into airway, so airway assessment and management is critical

99
Q

medications that causes most exanthamtous drug eruption

A

antibiotics

100
Q

human bite

A

more a semi-circle
can warrant as child abuse sometimes

101
Q

what hormone is acne vulgaris related to

A

testosterone

102
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

caused by water-loss on the skin and itchy skin

103
Q

medications for severe psoriasis

A

oral methotrexate

104
Q

does seborrheic dermatitis cause pain

A

aka cradle cap
no pain, it is mild manifestations, self-limiting

Fundamentals SEM2 (7 decks)

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