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Week 3 Mycvir Flashcards

1
Q

A superficial fungi that is a member of the black yeasts-like species containing a wide hyphae that become profusely septate during growth of the fungus, they have annelidic conidiogenesis from broad scars

A

Hortea werneckii

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2
Q

State 4 superficial fungi

A
  1. Hortea werneckii
  2. Malassezia furfur
  3. Piedraia hortae
  4. Trichosporon Beigelii/Ovoides
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3
Q

What is the causative agent of Hortea werneckii?

A

Tinea nigra

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4
Q

Is there a presence of fluorescence with the usage of Wood’s lamp in Hortea werneckii?

A

No fluorescence

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5
Q

What are the specimens used in Hortea werneckii?

A

Skin scrapings from dark pigmented lesions

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6
Q

What superficial fungi appears as irregularly shaped brown to black spots resembling Ag(NO3)2 stains.

A

Hortea werneckii

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7
Q

True or False: Hortea werneckii are slow growers and typically matures within 1 week

A

False: they mature within 21 days

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8
Q

Macroculture of hortea werneckii

A

[SDA + cycloheximide, antibacterial (chloramphenicol)]

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9
Q

True or false: Reverse of colonial morphology of Hortea Werneckii is Olive green

A

False: Reverse is back

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10
Q

Reservoir of hortea werneckii

A

Humid tropical and temperate areas

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11
Q

Reservoirs

A
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12
Q

Reservoir of malassezia furfur

A

Domestic animals, birds

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13
Q

Causative agent of malassezia furfur

A

Pityriasis versicolor

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14
Q

Site of infection of malassezia furfur

A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

Specimen used in malassezia furfur

A

Skin scrapings from discolored area, blood (tissue)

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16
Q

Macroculture used in malassezia furfur

A

[SDA + Olive (vegetable) oil + antibacterial] - module
[SDA + cycloheximide + olive or vegetable oil] - ppt

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17
Q

What is the media used in malassezia furfur?

A

Leeming and Notmann medium

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18
Q

This specie under malassezia furfur is virtually omnipresent on human skin

A

M. Globosa

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19
Q

This superficial fungi has lesions that appear as scaly (furfuraceous infection)

A

Malassezia furfur

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20
Q

True or false: culture is not essential for ID unless the findings of direct microscopic examination are atypical (Malassezia furfur)

A

True

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21
Q

Malassezia furfur:
Wood’s lamp: _______?

A

Yellow to light green fluorescence

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22
Q

This specie resembles “spaghetti and meatball” appearance for its microscopic morphology. The yeasts show the presence of collarette between mother and daughter cells

A

Malassezia furfur

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23
Q

What is the causative agent of piedraia hortae?

A

Black piedra

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24
Q

What is the site of infection in piedra hortae

A

Eyebrows, eyelashes, and the scalp

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25
Q

What are the main causative agents of the skin infection pityriasis versicolor? (State the 4 agents)

A

M. Furfur
M. Sympodialis
M. Globosa
M. Slooffae

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26
Q

True or false: genus malassezia contains 20 lipid-dependent species that widely distributed in humans and other animals

A

False: contains 15 lipid-dependent species

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27
Q

Specimen used in piedraia hortae

A

Hair collected by clipping or by plucking

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28
Q

Macroculture used in piedraia hortae

A

[SDA+ thiamine (increase mycelial production]

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29
Q

This specie forms nodules that serve as ascostromata. It is also characterized by the presence of discrete, hard, gritty, dark brown to black nodules adhering firmly to the hair shaft

A

Piedraia hortae

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30
Q

True or false: Piedraia hortae; the disease caused by this specie is most likely chronic and can last for months or even years

A

True

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31
Q

True or False: The rate of growth of piedraia hortae are fast; which mature within 21 days

A

False; they are slow growers

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32
Q

True or false: the ascospores of Piedraia Hortae are more likely seen on culture than on direct microscopic examination

A

False: the ascospores are more likely to be seen on direct microspic examination of the specimen than on culture

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33
Q

This specie causes scalp hair white piedra that infects hair shaft characterized by the presence of soft white, yellowish, beige, or greenish nodules found chiefly on facial axil Larry, or genital hair and less commonly on the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes

A

Trichosporon ovoides

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34
Q

Is the cause of summer-type hypersensitivity in japan

A

T. Asahii

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35
Q

True or false: T. Asahii shares antigenicity with the capsular polysaccharide of C. Neoformans; this may yield a negative CALAS assay on serum of some patient

A

False: positive

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36
Q

What are the different trichosporon species?

A

T. Ovoides
T. Asahii
T. Mucoides
T. Inkin
T. Cutaneum
T. Asteroides

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37
Q

Growth of trichosporon species are:

A

Rapid; 5-7 days

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38
Q

What trichosporon causes most cases of public white piedra

A

Trichosporon inkin and T. Asahii

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39
Q

What trichosporon causes scalp hair, white piedra

A

Trichosporon ovoides

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40
Q

Jelly like mass laboratory diagnosis

A

Trichosporon species

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41
Q

What is the agar used in trichosporon species

A

Cornmeal- tween 80 agar at 25 C for 72

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42
Q

What specie has a positive marking on urease, 37C growth, inositol, arabinose, and, sorbitol
Note: systemic with preference for CNS; infects hair and nails

A

Trichosporon Mucoides

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43
Q

What trichosporon specie is negative upon the 37C growth but is positive in urease, inositol, arabinose and sorbitol

Note: rarely skin lesions and white piedra of underarm hairs

A

Trichosporon cutaneum

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44
Q

What trichosporon is urease positive but negative to 37 C growth, inositol, arabinose and sorbitol
Note. White piedra of head hairs; occasionally skin lesions

A

Trichosporon ovoides

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45
Q

What trichosporon is 0 on arabinose and sorbitol
Note: mostly white piedra of pubic hairs, occasionally systemic

A

Trichosporon inkin

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46
Q

What trichosporon is O in inositol and sorbitol?
Note: systemic with predilection for hematogenous dissemination

A

Trichosporon Asahii

47
Q

“Plants if the skin” tinea, ringworm

A

Dermayophytes

48
Q

What is the nitrogen source of dermatophytes

49
Q

What dermatophyte involves the infections involving the skin, nails, and hairs

A

Primary dermatophytoses

50
Q

What dermatophytoses includes Infections involving other sites, systemic

A

Secondary dermatophytoses

51
Q

Anamorphic genera of dermatophytes

A
  1. microsporum
  2. Trichophyton
  3. Epidermophyton
52
Q

What host are the normal epidemiological reservoir of the species

A

Population hosts

53
Q

What type of host are species that may acquire infection but that do not support ongoing populations

A

Occasional hosts

54
Q

True or False: dermatophytes are keratinophilic

55
Q

Species almost exclusively infect humans, animals are rarely infected, and transmitted via direct or indirect contact

A

Anthropophilic

56
Q

Species are soil-associated organisms, and soil per se soil borne keratin ours debris

57
Q

Essentially pathogens of non-human mammals, or rarely birds, animal to animal transmission is not common

58
Q

What dermatophytes are cosmopolitan in nature?

59
Q

This dermatophyte are geographically limited

A

T. Concentricum

60
Q

True or False: Dermatophytes are anthrophophilic

61
Q

Type of dermatophyte that is highly contagious and may spread rapidly within a family, institution, or school

A

Tinea capitis

62
Q

Dermatophyte that is associated with shared clothing, towels, and sanitary facilities

A

Tinea cruris

63
Q

What dermatophytes often involves communal showers, baths, or other aquatic facilities but may depend on environmental and host factors

A

Tinea pedis and tinea unguium

64
Q

Suggested to require a dominant autosomal susceptibility gene

A

T. Rubrum and tinea pedis

65
Q

Infection of the bearded areas of the face and neck, mousy ache

A

Tinea barbae

66
Q

Infection of the scalp and hair shaft, eyebrows and eylashes

A

Tinea capitis

67
Q

Infection of the glabrous skin on body parts

A

Tinea corporis

68
Q

Infection of the hand (palms)

A

Tinea manuum

69
Q

Infection of the feet (soles and toe webs)

A

Tinea pedis

70
Q

Infection of the nails

A

Tinea unguium

71
Q

An infection of the nail caused by any fungus, not necessarily caused by a dermatophyte

A

Onychomycosis

72
Q

Generally manifests as infections of the keratinized tissues of humans, other mammals and birds

A

Primary dermatophytoses

73
Q

Described as cutaneous infections resembling dermatophytoses that may occasionally be caused by yeasts or by unrelated filamentous fungi that are normally sap robes or plant pathogens

A

Opportunistic dermatomycoses

74
Q

True or False: dermatophytes grow in an annular fashion on most affected regions, producing a “ring worm” infection form

75
Q

Principal current risk factors for common forms of dermatophytosis: (AFPFEC)

A

Age
Family history of chronic dermatophytosis
Participation in athletics featuring extensive body contact
Foot maceration
Exchange of headgear, foot ware, or inadequately cleaned bedding
Contact with feral domestic animals

76
Q

This type of dermatophyterpoduces erythematous circular lesions, scaly patch with sharply demarcated margins resulting in abnormal-looking patch of the skin

A

Tinea corporis

77
Q

Agents of Tinea Corporis

A

T. Rubrum
Zoophilic dermatophytes
Any of the dermatophytes

78
Q

“Jock itch” dermatophytosis of the proximal medial thighs, perineum, and buttocks

A

Tinea cruris

79
Q

Agents of tinea cruris

A

T. Rubrum
E. Floccosum

80
Q

Also called as the “athletes foot”. Dermatophytosis of the feet

A

Tinea pedis

81
Q

agents of tinea pedis

A

T. Rubrum
E. Floccosum

82
Q

Agents of tinea manuum

A

T. Mentagrophytes
T. Rubrum
E. Floccosum

83
Q

True or false:
Superficial form of T. Barbae: resembles Zoophilic dermatophytes
Pustular form: associated with tinea corporis

A

False:
Superficial form: resemble tinea corporis
Pustular form: associated with Zoophilic dermatophytes

84
Q

Agents under tinea barbae

A

T. Verrucosum
T. Mentagrophytes

85
Q

Agents under tinea unguium

A

T rubrum
T. Interdigitale

86
Q

This type of agent under tinea unguium May cause proximal-subungual tinea unguium

87
Q

This agent is a nodular variant of T. Mentagrophytes

A

T. Interdigitale

88
Q

Agents of tinea capitis

A

T. Tonsurans
M. Canis

89
Q

Specialized form of tinea corporis
Lesions are ring like growth in overlapping circles

A

Tinea imbricata

90
Q

Agents of Tinea imbricata

A

T. Concentricum

91
Q

Three types of hair colonization:

A
  1. Ectothrix
  2. Endrothrix
  3. Favic
92
Q

Lesions may have a mousy odor

93
Q

It is characterized by the occurrence of dense masses of mycelium and epithelial debris which forms yellowish, cup-shaped crusts called scutula

94
Q

What type of hair colonization has a Dull green appearance under the wood’s lamp

95
Q

This type of hair colonization have hairs that are wood’s lamp negative

96
Q

This type of hair colonization leaves a grayish patch “gray patch” in the patch if the hair stubs

97
Q

This type of hair colonization; anthroconidia appear as a “tile mosaic sheath” around the hair or as chains on the surface of the hair shaft

98
Q

M. Canis, m. Audouinii, m. Ferrugineum infections, colonized hair fluoresce what color under the wood’s lamp

99
Q

M. Canis and M. Gypseum that show wedge- shaped perforations perpendicular to the hair shaft indicates what result?

A

Positive test result

100
Q

What type of dermatophyte specie has a Drop shaped microconidia

A

Microsporum audouinii

101
Q

This dermatophyte specie is distributed worldwide. It is also anthropophilic

A

M. Audoinii

102
Q

Specimen used in M. Audouinii

A

Hair and skin scrapings

103
Q

Differential test under M. Audouinii

A
  1. Polished cooked rice and hair perforation test (negative for both)
  2. Does not grow at all on the rise grains or it grows poorly and produces a pigment
104
Q

This is a ectothrix type of infection resulting tow gray patch tinea capitis

A

Microsporum canis

105
Q

Microsporum canis is positive for fluorescence test having a pigment of what color?

A

Yellow to green

106
Q

Differential test of microsporum canis

A

Hair perforation test: positive
Polished rice test: Yellow pigment

107
Q

Differential test for microsporum gypseum

A

Hair perforation test and Polished rice test: positive
Grows well on sterile rice grains: yellow pigment and characteristics conidia are formed

108
Q

Differential test for Trichophyton mentagrophytes

A

Hair porforation test: positive
Growth in trichophyton agar: not enhanced by inositol and thiamine
Urease test: positive for <4 days colonies

note; tests positive beyond 4 days are no longer significant

109
Q

Surface is brownish yellow to olive or khaki with a suede like surface

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

110
Q

Convulated with glabrous texture, heaped or folded topography (slightly velvety whitish colony)

Favic chandeliers or nail head hyphae are present

A

Trichophyton schoenleinlii

111
Q

Macroconidia abundant, club shaped, sometime with rat tail extension

Colony characteristics; powdery to low velvety, cream to deep red

A

Trichophyton rubrum

112
Q

Type of dermatophyte that has a colonial characteristics of granular to powdery, yellow# cream to buff surface

A

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes

113
Q

This dermatophyte has a colonial characteristics having granular, sandy in color, or occasionally light cinnamon or rosy buff

A

Microsporum gypseum

MYco (5 decks)

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