Week 3: Muscles

Question 1

How many muscles are there?

Answer 1

> 650

Question 2

What are the roles of the muscular system?

Answer 2

Strength, survival, function, stability, endurance, movement, blood flow, bodily function, fight or flight

Question 3

What is the compostion of a muscle?

Answer 3

7% salts, 23% protein and 70% water

Question 4

What are the 3 body compostions?

Answer 4

Ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph

Question 5

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Answer 5

Cardiac, smooth and skeletal (striated)

Question 6

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 6

In the heart

Question 7

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 7

Digestive system

Question 8

Which two types of muscle are involuntary?

Answer 8

Cardiac and smooth

Question 9

Where do muscles attach?

Answer 9

Bony landmarks

Question 10

How do muscles attach to the bony landmarks?

Answer 10

Via tendons

Question 11

Where does the muscle have to attach to make the joint move?

Answer 11

Above and below the joint line

Question 12

What is the origin?

Answer 12

Fixed end, usually proximal to attachment, usually closest to midline

Question 13

What is the insertion?

Answer 13

Moving end, usually distal attachment, usually furthest from midline

Question 14

What is a uni axial muscle?

Answer 14

Muscles that only cross one joint

Question 15

What is a bi axial muscle?

Answer 15

Muscles that cross more than one joint

Question 16

What is an agonist/prime mover?

Answer 16

Muscle responsible for producing the desired movement

Question 17

What is an antagonist?

Answer 17

The opposing muscle to the agonist wgich has the power to control and stop movement when innervated

Question 18

What is a synergist?

Answer 18

Othe muscles that assist the agonist

Question 19

What is the fixator/stabilser?

Answer 19

Muscles that aid joint stability to allow the agonist to work

Question 20

What does it mean if there are a lot of motor units activated?

Answer 20

Higher force produced

Question 21

What are the two types of muscle fibres?

Answer 21

Slow and fast twitch

Question 22

What are the three types of fast twitch fibres?

Answer 22

Type IIa, IIb (fast oxidative glycoly) and IIc

Question 23

What are the two types of isotonic muscle actions?

Answer 23

Concentric and eccentric

Question 24

Define Concentric muscle action

Answer 24

Muscle shortens during contraction

Question 25

Define eccentric muscle action

Answer 25

Muscle lengths during contractions

Question 26

Define static contraction (isometric)

Answer 26

Muscle stays the same length under contraction

Question 27

Define isokinetic muscle action

Answer 27

Muscle changes length at a constant speed

Question 28

Define hypotrophy

Answer 28

An increase in size of skeletal muscle

Question 29

Define atrophy

Answer 29

A wasting away of skeletal muscle

Question 30

Define hyperplasia

Answer 30

The enlargement of an organ

Question 31

Define strength

Answer 31

The ability of a muscle to tolerate load

Question 32

Define endurance

Answer 32

The ability of a muscle to tolerate load over a period of time

Question 33

What are the catagories of skeletal muscle?

Answer 33

Fusiform, parallel, pennate, orbicular and convergent

Question 34

Define fusiform muscles

Answer 34

Central muscle belly which converges into a tendon at one or both ends. Can be one, two or three headed muscle

Question 35

Define parallel muscle

Answer 35

Formed by muscle fibres which lie parallel to each other, usually flat and straight or strap like

Question 36

Define pennate muscles

Answer 36

Muscle fibres attached obliquely to a central tendon, resembles a leaf or feather, increases explosive capacity, can be uni pennate, bi pennate or multi pennate

Question 37

Define orbicular muscle

Answer 37

A sphincter like sheet of muscle that encircles an orifice, results in a narrowing of an orifice

Question 38

Define convergent muscle

Answer 38

Triangular muscle that emient from a large area and converge onto one attachment