Week 2: The Skeleton

Question 1

What are the 2 different skeletal divisions?

Answer 1

Axial and Appendicular

Question 2

Define ossicfication

Answer 2

Formation of bone from cartilage

Question 3

Define osteoblasts

Answer 3

Cells responsible for production of new bone

Question 4

Define osteoclasts

Answer 4

Cells responsible for breaking down bone

Question 5

Define growth plates

Answer 5

The site where bone growth occurs

Question 6

Define Osteoporosis

Answer 6

‘Porous bones’

Question 7

What is the epiphysis?

Answer 7

The end of the bone

Question 8

What is the diaphysis?

Answer 8

The shaft of the bone

Question 9

What is the periosteum?

Answer 9

The skin of the bone

Question 10

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 10

Support, protection, attachment, cell formation, mineral reserves and levers for movement

Question 11

What are the types of bones?

Answer 11

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid

Question 12

What are the characteristics of cartilage?

Answer 12

Resilient and smooth elastic tissue
Structual component
Not as rigid as bone
Much less flexible than muscle

Question 13

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 13

Hyaline, fibro and elastic

Question 14

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 14

Covers ends of bones and lines the surface of joints and costal cartilage

Question 15

Where is fibro cartilage found?

Answer 15

Intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, menisci and joint capsules

Question 16

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 16

End of nose and outer ear

Question 17

What is a joint?

Answer 17

The articulation of two or more bones

Question 18

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 18

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

Question 19

What are the characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 19

Hyaline cartilage, fibrous capsule, synovial fluid, ligaments and synovial membrane

Question 20

What are the types of synovial joints?

Answer 20

Ball and socket, saddle, pivot, hinge, gliding and ellipsoid

Question 21

What are ligaments?

Answer 21

Connect bone to bone, provide support for joints, prevents muscles from being overstretched, consists of collagen fibres

Question 22

What is the importance of exercise?

Answer 22

Promotes bone growth
Improves bone strength
Prevents cartilage degeneration
Reduces risk of arthritis
Reduces risk of injuries
Improved recovery rates