Week 3: Leadership & Diversity

Question 1

Key points re: values and ethics

Answer 1

• Confidentiality* CANNOT be guaranteed!
• Client’s right to self-determination* - may be compromised.
• Non-judgmental attitude* - we are not “value free”
• Right to informed consent* - potential risks, expectations, screening and termination.

Question 2

Systems Theory:

Answer 2

This theory focuses onunderstanding the group as a system. Each member contributes to the order and equilibrium of the group. Group members must work together to complete the task.

Question 3

Psychodynamic Theory:

Answer 3

This theory focuses on the individual. The group leader often represents a significant figure with which group members can work out/act out unresolved conflicts from earlier life experiences. The leader provides interpretations by using transference and countertransference.

Question 4

Learning Theory:

Answer 4

The focus of this theory is on the behavior of individual group members rather than on the behavior of the group as a whole. It ignores the importance of group dynamics. This is also known as “the behavioral approach”.

Question 5

Field Theory:

Answer 5

This theory focuses on the group as a whole: both the behaviors of individual group members and the group itself must be seen as a function of the total situation.

Question 6

Social Exchange Theory:

Answer 6

This theory focuses on the behaviors of individual group members; it argues that we seek out relationships that offer many rewards with very little cost or punishment.

Question 7

Cognitive Behavioral Theory:

Answer 7

According to this theory, individual group members search their memories for stored information about each of the other group members in order to understand what caused other people to react a certain way. Conversely, they become aware of their own thoughts and how they affect others.

Question 8

Mutual Aid Approach

Answer 8

This model focuse on the mutual help provided by peers who have had similar experiences.

Question 9

Name the Five types of Power:

Answer 9

1. Attributed power - comes from the perception among group members and others that the worker can lead the group.
2. Actual power - refers to the worker’s resources and abilities for changing conditions inside and/or outside the group.
3. Coercive power (attributed) - B’s perceptions that A can punish or remove + consequences if B doesn’t comply with A’s standards.
4. Legitimate power (actual or attributed) - based on the perception by B that A has a legitimate right to decide what constitutes appropriate behavior.
5. Expert power (attributed or actual) - B’s perception that A has the knowledge or expertise that is the source of power.

Question 10

Name the 3 Theories of Group Leadership:

Answer 10

1. Authoritarian - leader has more power; sets rules and policies; dictates activities.
2. Democratic - leader seeks maximum involvement of group members; spreads responsibility.
3. Laissez-Faire - leader participates very little.

Question 11

Name the Factors that influence leadership:

Answer 11

• Types of problems presented
• Environment
• Group as a whole
• Group members
• Group leader

Question 12

Name some Leader roles:

Answer 12

• Mediator
• Educator
• Initiator
• Enabler
• Broker
• Advocate
• Empowerer