Week 3: Intellectual Disabilities Flashcards
Which cognitive assessment is, by far, the most commonly used?
WISC
In regards to definition of ID, what is the main distinction between IDEA and DSM?
IDEA definition focuses on educational achievement
The more severe an ID, the less the role that biological factors play (T/F)
False
What do adaptive behaviors allow us to do?
- Be independent
- Be socially responsible
- Meet standards of typical activities in daily living
Why were “Adaptive Behaviors” added as a component of ID diagnosis?
Previous classification criteria, based only on IQ testing, resulted in over-classification of minoritized and non-English speaking populations
List some of the risk factors for the development of ID
- Chromosomal/genetic abnormalities
- Maternal consumption of drugs and/or alcohol during pregnancy
- Child poverty
- Perinatal exposure to infections, toxins, trauma
What are the 4 main categories of risk in regards to ID?
1) Biomedical (genetic)
2) Social (poverty)
3) Behavioral (child abuse, DV)
4) Educational (lack of family support)
What are the 4 main types of ID, and what IQ range is associated with each?
1) Mild ID: 55-70
2) Moderate ID: 40-54
3) Severe ID: 20 or 25-29
4) Profound ID: < 25
List some facets of individuals with mild ID
- Make up majority of individuals with ID: 85%
- Many come from low SES backgrounds
- Can succeed with standard curriculum but will remain below levels of peers
- Many are able to obtain employment and live independently in adulthood
List some facets of individuals with Moderate ID
- Make up 10% of ID population
- Many show one or more organic causes for ID (e.g., Down Syndrome)
- Curriculum focus is on life skills and functional academics
- Likely to require some support throughout life
List some facets of individuals with Severe ID
- Make up 3.5% of ID population
- Many show one or more organic causes for ID (e.g., Down Syndrome)
- Many have concurrent medical problems
- Likely to live in supervised homes or with family
List some facets of individuals with Profound ID
- Make up 1.5% of ID population
- Requires intensive training to teach them basic skills
- Almost all show organic cause for ID and other medical comorbidities that shorten lifespan
- Will require lifelong support
What is the “Flynn Effect”?
Phenomenon where use of normative assessments (based on old population data) results in overly high and inflated scores
What are the 3 main types of genetic forms of ID?
1) Down Syndrome
2) Fragile X Syndrome
3) Prader-Willi Syndrome
In recent years, there has been a growing support for partially integrating students in special education with students in general ed classrooms (T/F)
True
What is the most effective intervention for individuals with ID?
Behavioral, ABA; focus on altering environmental contingencies
What are the 4 key elements of early intervention for students with ID?
1) Family-centered approach
2) Integration of therapies into child’s natural environment
3) Inclusion: providing services in environment with both typically and non-typically developing children, when possible
4) Anticipating problems and improving transition from early intervention to preschool programs
