Week 3: how the elements are formed part 3

Question 1

creator of cyclotron

Answer 1

Ernest O. Lawrence

Question 2

proved that when an alpha particle from radium strikes a nitrogen atom, either a proton or a hydrogen nucleus is ejected

Answer 2

Ernest Rutherford

Question 3

had the idea of electron orbits

Answer 3

Dane Niels Bohr

Question 4

isolated polonium and radium

Answer 4

Marie Curie and Pierre Curie

Question 5

discovered x-rays

Answer 5

W.K. Roentgen

Question 6

discovered something he called a “spontaneous emission of penetrating rays from certain salts of uranium”;

Answer 6

H.A. Becquerel

Question 7

the fifth “ essence “ by the greeks

Answer 7

ether

Question 8

introduced the three alchemical symbols salt, sulfur, and mercury

Answer 8

paracelsus

Question 9

The first discovery of a true element in historical time was that of phosphorus by whom?

Answer 9

Dr. Brand of Hamburg

Question 10

Who made chlorine in 1774 by the action of “black manganese” (manganese dioxide) on concentrated muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid), but it was not recognized as an element till the work of Davy in 1810

Answer 10

Scheele

Question 11

discovered aluminum, barium, boron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and strontium.

Answer 11

Davy

Question 12

invented the spectroscope

Answer 12

Bunsen and Kirchhoff

Question 13

Compounds of these new elements were obtained by

Answer 13

by patient fractional recrystallization of their salts

Question 14

isotopes were discovered by

Answer 14

Rutherford and Soddy

Question 15

the 3 simplifications of all the external world or the elements

Answer 15

1. Dobereiner’s Triads
2. Newland’s law of octaves
3. Mendeleev’s periodic law

Question 16

discovered a method of transmuting one element into another

Answer 16

Rutherford

Question 17

The most common way to artificially transform one element into another

Answer 17

by bombarding nuclei with nuclear projectiles

Question 18

he first device capable of accelerating positive ions to the very high energies needed. Its basic principle of operation is not difficult to understand.

Answer 18

Ernest O. Lawrence’s cyclotron

Question 19

a modern offspring of the first cyclotron, accelerates protons to 99.13% the speed of light, thereby giving them 6.2billion electron volts (BeV).

Answer 19

The bevatron

Question 20

accelerates ions as heavy as neon to about 15% the speed of light.

Answer 20

heavy-ion linear accelerator

Question 21

discovered the neutron.

Answer 21

James Chadwick

Question 22

the element first made by artificial technical methods.

Answer 22

technetium

Question 23

made for the first time from the fission disintegration products of uranium in the Clinton (Oak Ridge) reactor.

Answer 23

uranium

Question 24

all other elements having a nuclear charge number greater than 84 are all what?

Answer 24

unstable

Question 25

first made at Berkeley by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles, which produced astatine and released two neutrons.

Answer 25

astatine

Question 26

this element was identified in 1939 by French scientist Marguerite Perey.

Answer 26

francium

Question 27

the atom had split into two roughly equal pieces, together with some excess neutrons.

Answer 27

nuclear fission

Question 28

brought back Democritus’ ancient idea of the atom.

Answer 28

John Dalton

Question 29

1/3 of the basic ideas of Dalton’s atomic theory

Answer 29

All substances are made of atoms. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter. They cannot be divided into smaller particles, created, or destroyed.

Question 30

2/3 of the basic ideas of Dalton’s atomic theory

Answer 30

All atoms of the same element are alike and have the same mass. Atoms of different elements are different and have different masses.

Question 31

3/3 of the basic ideas of Dalton’s atomic theory

Answer 31

Atoms join together to form compounds, and a given compound always consists of the same kinds of atoms in the same proportions.