Week 3: Holtom Diarrhea, infections of GI

Question 1

Most common causes of food poisoning syndromes

Answer 1

1. Staph aureus. short incubation 1-6 hrs. Vomiting, diarrhea, fever. Enterotoxins, heat stable, resists hydrolysis. Mayo/egg products.
2. B. cereus
   - emetic dz: heat stable enterotoxin. Fried rice. Incubation <24 hrs. Heat labile enterotoxin. disrupts ion transport
3. Fish poisoning
   - Scombroid (histamine)
   - Ciguatera: produced by dinoflagellates: diarrhea, nausea vomiting+ numbness of oral area +hot/cold reversal, sinus brady, CN palsies

Question 2

Common causes of secretory diarrhea

Answer 2

No blood, mucous or wbcs
1. vibrio cholera. Give oral rehydration. 1 L water w/ 1 tsp salt and 3 TBLspoons sugar
2. E. Coli
-ETEC: most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea
-EPEC: watery diarrhea and vomiting. infantile diarrhea.
3 . Salmonella,
Viruses
4. Rotavirus, norovirus, enteric adenovirus
Parasites
5. Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum

Question 3

Most common causes of inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 3

1. EHEC: shiga like toxin. Cattle. HUS complications.
2. C. dificile: enterotoxin. antibiotic use, ab pain, bloody diarrhea, fever. PCR to dx.
3. Others: campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, yersinia,
   Parasites
4. Entameoba histolytica: can have extra intestinal amebiasis, commonly liver abscess.