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Pther 350 > week 3 - hip, thigh and glutes > Flashcards

week 3 - hip, thigh and glutes Flashcards

1
Q

connection of the hip joint

A

connects the bony pelvis and the lower limb

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2
Q

hip joint classification

A

synovial ball and socket joint

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3
Q

functions of hip joint

A

weight baring and placement of foot in space

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4
Q

hip joint movements

A

flexion, extension
adduction and abduction
internal and external rotation

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5
Q

acetabulum

A

hollow area on the lateral aspect of the hip
formed by the ilium, ischium and pubic

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6
Q

lunate surface - acetabulum

A

articular surface which is a raised horseshoe-shaped ring
covered in hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

transverse ligament of the acetabulum

A

bridges the gap between the ends of the lunate surface
converts the gap into a foreman
passage for artery to femur

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7
Q

transverse ligament of the acetabulum

A

bridges the gap between the ends of the lunate surface
converts the gap into a foreman
passage for artery to femur

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8
Q

acetabular fossa

A

hollowed out area in the middle of the horseshoe articular surface

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9
Q

ligament of the head of the femur

A

connects the acetabular fossa with the fovea on the femur
not a real ligament, tissue wrapped in synovial membrane
not for stability

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10
Q

artery of head of femur

A

branch of obturator
travels in the ligament of the femur

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11
Q

acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartiloginous ring surrounding the edge of the lunate surface and transverse ligament
projects outwards to deepen the acetabulum

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11
Q

acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartiloginous ring surrounding the edge of the lunate surface and transverse ligament
projects outwards to deepen the acetabulum

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12
Q

acetabular labrum functions

A

increase congruence and stability
increase contact area and joint volume

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13
Q

head of femur

A

3/4 shaped sphere covered in articular cartilage and fits into the acetabulum

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14
Q

fovea - head of femur

A

small pit on top, not covered by hyaline cartilage, attachment point for the ligament of the head of the femur

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15
Q

fibrous capsule

A

thick, strong and extensive
attaches medially from the hip bone just beyond the rim of the acetabulum
attaches to the intertrochanteric line of the front and just before the intertrochanteric crest

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16
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines the inner surface of the fibrous capsule
encloses: articular surface, acetabular fossa ad fat pad, lig of femur, transverse lig, acetabular labrum and neck of femur

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17
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

Y shaped that reinforces the front of hip
attaches from the acetabular margin and the inferior iliac spine
its fibres then spiral to front and insert in the intertrochanteric line
resists extension

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18
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

on the inferior side of hip
attaches from the obturator crest of pubic and runs laterally down to the fibrous capsule
resists hip abduction

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19
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

posterior side of hip
attaches from ischium and fibers spiral up to attach to the greater trochanter deep
resists hip medial rotation

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20
Q

hip ligament functions

A

in tension when standing and supports bodyweight without muscular assistance

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21
Q

periarticular network - hip (4)

A
  • superior and inferior gluteal artery
  • lateral and medial circumflex femoral artery
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22
Q

artery of head of femur

A

only critical in childhood before closure of growth plate
absent in adults

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23
neck of femur - blood supply
- lateral and medial circumflex femoral - retinacular artery
24
nerve supply - hip (4)
- femoral nerve - superior gluteal nerve - obturator nerve - never to quadratus femoris
25
gluteal region `
located on the posterolateral pelvis in the area between the iliac crest above the gluteal folds
26
gluteal 4 superficial muscles
- tensor fascia lata - gluteus maximus - gluteus medius - gluteal minimus
27
gluteus maximus
largest and most superficial all fibers are located posterior of hip joint
28
gluteus maximus actions
hip extension + from a flexed position
29
gluteus medius and minimus
origin: external surface of ilium insertion: -medius: lateral surface of greater trochanter - minimus - anterolateral surface of greater trochanter
30
gluteus medius and minimus actions
hip abduction and internal rotation
31
gluteus medius and minimus functions
stance leg contracts to keep pelvis level important during gait cycle
32
gluteus medius and minimus functions
stance leg contracts to keep pelvis level important during gait cycle
33
gluteal deep muscles (6)
- piriformis - superior gemellus - obturator internus - inferior gemellus quadratus femoris
34
gluteal deep muscles (6)
- piriformis - superior gemellus - obturator internus - inferior gemellus - quadratus femoris - obturator externus
35
deep lateral rotators - action
hip external (lateral) rotation
36
deep lateral rotators function
resist excessive hip flexion and internal rotation when heel strikes compress head of femur into acetabulum, especially when hip is near extension and in some lateral rotation
37
nerves in gluteal region
- pudendal - nerve to obturator internus - posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh -superior and inferior gluteal nerve - nerve to quadratus femoris - sciatic nerve
38
superior gluteal nerve
- exits the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis - supplies: glut minimus, medius and tensor fascia lata
39
inferior gluteal nerve
exits sciatic foramen below the piriformis supplies: gluteal max
40
sciatic nerve
exits greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis - supplies: posterior muscles of thigh, the leg and foot
41
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis supplies the skin on posterior thigh
42
nerve to obturator internus
exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis supplies: superior gemellus and obturator internus
43
nerve to quadratus femoris
exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis supplies: inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris
44
pudendal nere
exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis supplies: sensation to external genitalia and perineum and some muscles of the pelvic floor
45
gluteal - blood supply (4)
- superior gluteal artery - inferior gluteal artery - internal pudendal artery and vein - medial circumflex femoral artery
46
gluteus maximus
origin: posterior ilium, posterolateral aspect of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament insertion: posterior iliotibial band - 75%, gluteal tuberosity - 25% nerve supply - inferior gluteal nerve nerve root L5, S1 ans S2
47
function of gluteus maximus
muscles activty high when walking on incline or heel strike during running resist flexion and internal rotation
48
tensor fascia lata
origin: anterior iliac cest and anterior superior iliac spine insertion: iliotibial band nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve nerve roots: L4, L5, S1,
49
Gluteus medius
origin: external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines insertion: lateral surface of greater tronchanter nerve root: L4, L5, S1
50
gluteus minimus
origin: external surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines insertion: anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve nerve root: L4, L5, S1
51
weakness in gluteus medius and minimus
pelvic drops opposite side during stance = Trendelenburg sign
52
piriformis
origin: anterior sacrum between 1st and 4th anterior sacral foramina insertion: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter nerve supply: branches of anterior rami S1, S2 nerve root: S1, S2
53
triceps coxae muscles
small gemelli muscles located above and below the tendon of obturator internus insert in a common tendon into the greater trochanter all collectively form a single functional unit
54
obturator internus
- origin: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones - insertion: medial side of greater trochanter - nerve supply: obturator internus - nerve root: L5, S1
55
superior gemellus
origin: ischial spine insertion: medial side of greater trochanter via conjoined tendon with obturator internus nerve supply: obturator internus nerve root: L5, S1
56
inferior gemellus
origin: upper aspect of ischial tuberosity insertion: medial side of greater trochanter via conjoined tendon with obturator internus nerve supply: nerve to quadratus femoris nerve root: L5, S1
57
quadratus femoris
origin: lateral margins of the ischium just above ischial tuberosity insertion: quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of femur never supply: quadratus femoris nerve root: L5, S1
58
obturator externus discription
a triangular shaped muscle located deep to quadratus femoris classified as a deep lateral rotator due to function or medial thigh muscle based on nerve supply
59
obturator externus
origin: external surface of the obturator membrane and adjacent body margin on obturator foramen insertion: trochanteric fossa nerve supply: obturator nerve, posterior branch nerve root: L3, L4
60
actions of deep lateral rotators
hip external rotation
61
piriformis actions
hip external rotation, secondary hip abductors from flexed
62
triceps coxae actions
hip external rotation dedicated action is to laterally rotate the hips
63
quadratus femoris actin
lateral rotation of the hip from the anatomical or flexed hip position
64
obturator externus action
lateral rotation from flexed and adduction
65
deep lateral rotators
resist excessive
66
nerve to piriformis
NOT exit the pelvis into the gluteal region supplies: piriformis
67
nerve to obturator internus
EXITS greater sciatic foramen below piriformis supplies: superior gemellus and obturator interns
68
nerve to quadratus femoris
EXITS greater sciatic foramen below piriformis supplies: inferior gemellus and qudratus femoris
69
obturator externus
EXITs the pelvis through the obturator foramen to supply the obturator externus muscles
70
posterior compartment of thigh - location
starts at the level of gluteal fold extends down to the popliteal region behind the knee
71
posterior thigh muscles (3)
bicep femoris (long and short head) (lateral) semimembranosus (medial) semitendinosus
72
actions of posterior compartment muscles
knee flexion and hip extension
73
posterior thigh nerves
sciatic nerve is the only one
74
posterior thigh - arterial supply
no major artery, comes from 3-4 perforating branches of profunda femoris artery
75
biceps femoris long heaf
origin: inferior medial aspect of upper ischial tuberosity insertion: head of fibula nerve: sciatic nerve roots: L5, S1, S2
76
bicep femoris short head
origin: shaft of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera insertion: head of fibula nerve: sciatic nerve root: L5, S1, S2
77
bicep femoris short head
origin: shaft of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera insertion: head of fibula nerve: sciatic nerve root: L5, S1, S2
77
bicep femoris short head
origin: shaft of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera insertion: head of fibula nerve: sciatic nerve root: L5, S1, S2
77
bicep femoris short head
origin: shaft of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera insertion: head of fibula nerve: sciatic nerve root: L5, S1, S2
78
semitendonosus
origin: inferior medial aspect of upper ischial tuberosity insertion: anteromedial surface of proximal tibia nerve: sciatic nerve nerve root: L5, S1, S2
79
actions of bicep posterior muscle
extend the hips when returning upwright from a flexed position
80
terminal stance
hip extension
81
early swing phase
knee flexion
82
hamstrings during ballistic activities
work eccentrically to control and slow down the rate of knee extension produced by the quads, during forceful knee extension and hip flexion
83
sciatic nerve supply
only major nerve running through the posterior compartment. Travels below the long head on the posterior surface of adductor magnus
84
sciatic nerve separation
the sciatic nerve typically separates out into the tibial and common peroneal nerves at the upper border of the popliteal fossa. may separate higher up
85
nerve supply - posterior thigh muscles
sciatic (tibial division) - long head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus L5-S2 sciatic (common peroneal) - short head L5-S2
86
popliteal fossa
fat filled compartment located at the back of the knee. popiteal artery, vein, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve
87
floor of popliteal fossa
posterior surface of femur, psoterior capsule of knee and popliteus muscles
88
roof of popliteal fossa
fascia encricling the knee
89
roof of popliteal fossa
fascia encricling the knee
90
roof of popliteal fossa
fascia encricling the knee
91
popliteal contents
neurovascular structures lie deep in the fossa and are protected by a thick layer of subcutaneous fat

Pther 350 (4 decks)

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