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Phase 3 > Week 3 - Haematology > Flashcards

Week 3 - Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) characterised by?

A

Failure of effective haematopoesis leading to low blood cell counts

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2
Q

Which drug can be used in MDS?

A

Azacitidine

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3
Q

How common is transformation from MDS into AML?

A

25%

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4
Q

Name 3 myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs)

A

Essential thrombocythaemia
Polycythaemia Vera
Myelofibrosis

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5
Q

Which mutation is prevalent in MPDs?

A

JAK2

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6
Q

What abnormalities are seen on blood films for the 3 main MPDs?

A

ET - high platelets
PRV - high RBCs
MF - high platelets and WBCs

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7
Q

How would the blood count of a patient with acute leukaemia generally look?

A

Normal counts all fall

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8
Q

Which genetic conditions can be associated with acute leukaemia?

A

Down syndrome

Fanconi syndrome

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9
Q

Which cells are found in the blood of patients with acute leukaemia?

A

Blast cells i.e. immature blood cells

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10
Q

How is acute leukaemia diagnosed?

A

Blast cells > 20%

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11
Q

Name two genetic mutations known to cause AML with a favourable prognosis

A

t(15:17)

t(8:21)

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12
Q

Which patients with AML are given intensive chemotherapy?

A

Patients under 60

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13
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate for young patients with AML?

A

50%

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14
Q

What are the complications and side effects of chemo for AML?

A

Infection
Bleeding
Sterility
Mucositis

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15
Q

Which chemotherapy agents are used to treat AML?

A

Anthracycline and cytarabine based therapies

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16
Q

How does ALL usually present?

A

Limping child
Purpuric rash
Bone pains

17
Q

Name two common mutations that cause ALL

A

t(9:22)

t(4:11)

18
Q

What are the 5 year survival rates for children and adults with ALL?

A

Children - 90%

Adults - 40%

19
Q

What supportive care can be given in acute leukaemia?

A 
Blood transfusion
Fresh frozen plasma 
Platelet transfusion
Antibiotics 
G-CSF
Granulocytes

Phase 3 (12 decks)

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