Week 2 - General Pathological Mechanisms

Question 1

What causes redness in inflammation?

Answer 1

Stasis of blood causes excess blood inside the blood vessels

Question 2

Which signs of inflammation are caused by hyperaemia?

Answer 2

Redness
Swelling
Heat

Question 3

What causes pain associated with inflammation?

Answer 3

Bradykinin

ProstaglandinE2

Question 4

Name 3 processes that lead to inflammation

Answer 4

Vascular dilation
Neutrophil activation
Endothelial activation

Question 5

Which substances activate neutrophils?

Answer 5

C5a
Leukotriene B4
Bacterial products

Question 6

Which substances activate the endothelium?

Answer 6

5-HT
Histamine 
C3a
C5a
Bradykinin 
Leukotriene

Question 7

What does activation of the endothelium lead to?

Answer 7

Increase cell adhesion molecules
Increased leakiness of endothelium
Plasma proteins travel into tissues

Question 8

What are the sequelae of acute inflammation?

Answer 8

Abscess
Chronic inflammation
Resolution
Healing by repair

Question 9

What defines granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 9

Presence of granulomas

Epithelioid macrophage and multinucleate giant cells