Week 3: H 1, 8, 9, 10, 13 en 19

Question 1

sexuality education stimulates sexual behavior. true or false?

Answer 1

False. More knowledge of the subjects means that you are more likely to know what you want and will not say yes at the first oppertunity that arises.

Question 2

if you look at the graph the onset of sexual behaviour in 2017 it was later than in 2012. What could be a reason?

Answer 2

Alcohol regulation from 16 to 18 and Social media.

Question 3

Why do boys tend to mastrubate earlier than girls?

Answer 3

1. jongens zijn meer bekend met hun penis dan vrouwen met hun vagina.
2. sociale cultureel aspect: veel vrouwen leren dat zij niet hun seksualiteit minder mogen uiten dan jongens.

Question 4

Men have a higher sex drive than women. True or false?

Answer 4

False, they have the same sexdrive.

Question 5

Which four difference are found in sexual behavior between men an women?

Answer 5

Question 6

2016 data

Answer 6

reported less, but this data is 8 years old.

Question 7

which six stages can be destinguished in sexual development?

Answer 7

Question 8

what can we tell about a baby’s

Answer 8

Question 9

what can we tell about a toddler’s

Answer 9

Question 10

What can we tell about a schoolkid’s

Answer 10

Question 11

by which factors is personal sexuality developt?

Answer 11

Question 12

Why is the netherlands uniek in sexual education?

Answer 12

Question 13

Many of the American insights about sexuality therefore come from……

Answer 13

mass media, instead of scientific research.

H1

Question 13

Many of the American insights about sexuality therefore come from……

Answer 13

mass media, instead of scientific research.

H1

Question 14

Another major impact of mass media is called agenda setting…. it means?

Answer 14

It is defined as the choices that news-creators make in what information they present to their audience. The framing theory states that the media draw attention to certain topics and not to others, suggesting how we should think about certain matters. In this way, the media provide a framework.

H1

Question 15

The third influence of mass media is social learning…. how?

Answer 15

In social learning, the characters in films serve as social models that people use to construct their ideas about the reality of sex.

H1

Question 16

Sexual health is…..

Answer 16

the political and social movement that is directed towards a shift of focus towards sexual health and sexual rights.

H1

Question 17

What kind of scientific data sources are available to study sexual behaviour?

H9

Answer 17

The Kinsey reports and the NHSLS (Laumann et al., 1994) are the main sources of studying sex.

Another option is studying sexual behaviour and arousal.

Question 18

What is known about sexuality in adolescence?

Answer 18

• The amount of masturbation increases
• Romantic relationships during adolescence often include sexual behaviour.
• The media have been found to have an important impact on adolescents’ sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.
• Adolescents engage in risky sexual behaviors;

H9

Question 19

What is known about sexual behaviour during college years?

Answer 19

Same-gender sexual behaviour occurs more between women than men in the college years.

H9

Question 20

Learning to communicate with sexual partners is difficult for a lot of people, because

H10

Answer 20

of the lack of role models in our society.

Question 21

Many persons are involved in serial monogamy, which is…..

Answer 21

the occurrence of two or more intimate relationships prior to marriage.

H10

Question 22

Singleism is…..

Answer 22

the stereotyping and stigmatization of people that are not in a couple relationship that is socially recognised.

H10

Question 23

cohabitation is…..

Answer 23

a way of trying out a committed residential relationship.

samenwonen

H10

Question 24

There is a trend to have sex less frequently nowadays in America, which is driven by two factors:.....

Answer 24

1. there is an increase in the number of individuals who have no steady partner. 2. Secondly, there is a decline in frequency of sex even among those with a partner. ## Footnote H10

Question 25

Factors that determine the attitude towards extramarital sex are....

Answer 25

gender, social class and education.

Question 26

The equity theory is a theory of social psychology, designed to explain human relations. It has been applied to explain extramarital sex. The idea is that....

Answer 26

peoples input in a relationship determine what they would like as benefits or rewards. Then people calculate if the relationship is equitable. They make attempts to restore the equity in a relationship. extramarital sex can be explained to restore equity in a relationship. ## Footnote H10

Question 27

Polyamory is....

Answer 27

the non-possessive, responsible and honest ethical philosophy of the capability of loving two people simultaneously. ## Footnote H10

Question 28

What are the consequences of non-monogamous relationships?

Answer 28

It was found that consensual non-monogamists and monogamists do not differ significantly. ## Footnote H10

Question 29

the number of sexual partners that follows the termination of the relationship is higher than for married couples. Researchers note that this could be caused by.....

Answer 29

the lower commitment of cohabitation compared to marriage. ## Footnote H10

Question 30

the number of sexual partners that follows the termination of the relationship is higher than for married couples. Researchers note that this could be caused by.....

Answer 30

the lower commitment of cohabitation compared to marriage. ## Footnote H10

Question 31

What are Physical changes in women in later life?

Answer 31

* woman’s menstruation stops. The ovaries age and are not able to respond to the normal output of LH and FSH anymore and the egg. * oestrogen production declines. this can cause osteoporosis and vaginal dryness ## Footnote H10

Question 32

What are the 4 sexual developments in later life?

Answer 32

1. Most women continue to engage in sex and enjoys it. 2. There is some decline in sexual functioning after -and during menopause. 3. Oestrogen is associated with this decline in sexual functioning. 4. Another important hormone is testosterone, sexual desire might decline when the levels of testosterone decline in the ovaries. ## Footnote H10

Question 33

What are Physical changes in men in later life?

Answer 33

* Over the years, testosterone levels gradually decrease. * men develop more vascular diseases including hardening of the arteries. This can cause problems with erection * the refractory period and the volume of ejaculation lengthens with age.

Question 34

heterosexism is...

Answer 34

the belief that everyone is heterosexual. ## Footnote h13

Question 35

Some people do not have a set sexual orientation and it can change over time, this is called

Answer 35

sexual fluidity. ## Footnote H13

Question 36

Population studies found some higher rates of........ among gays

Answer 36

depression and anxiety. Also suicide and PTSD are more common. ## Footnote H13

Question 37

Is it possible to change sexual orientation by therapy?

Answer 37

There is conversion therapy or reparative therapy that are mostly created by religious groups. The consequences can be bad, it can make people feel guilty about their behaviour. These therapies make no sense, as homosexuality is not a mental illness and therefore their sexual orientation should not be changed against their will. ## Footnote H13

Question 38

How do people become gay or heterosexual from a biological standpoint?

Answer 38

* **Genetic factors**: chromosomes: 7, 8 and 10. There are probably multiple genes that contribute to one’s sexual orientation. * **Prenatal factors:** * **Brain factors** the response of the brain to stimuli is different for gays and lesbians. ## Footnote H13

Question 39

How do people become gay or heterosexual from a learning perspective?

Answer 39

* Punishment and rewards could influence the development of predominant hetero -or homosexual behaviour. Behaviourists argue that people are born sexual, not gay or straight. * early sexual experiences with same-gender persons are pleasant; this behaviour becomes more likely. The evidence is mixed, ## Footnote H13

Question 40

How do people become gay or heterosexual from a socilogical perspective?

Answer 40

The theory of Reiss (1986) describes the negative pathway to homosexuality. He describes that in societies with a rigid gender role for males, the males that reject these roles become homosexual. ## Footnote H13

Question 41

What are the differences between gays and lesbians?

Answer 41

Men are more specific in their sexual arousal; heterosexual men are aroused by female and not male stimuli whereas homosexual man show the reverse pattern. ## Footnote H13

Question 42

Hedonism is ....

Answer 42

the belief that the goal of human life to pursuit pleasure, including eating drinking and sexual activity. ## Footnote H19

Question 43

Asceticism is....

Answer 43

the belief there is more to life than material components. They view sexuality as evil, bad or neutral because spiritual values and the avoidance of physical gratification are more important. ## Footnote H19

Question 44

Legalism is

Answer 44

a method of ethical decision making and is concerned with moral principles and law. ## Footnote H19

Question 45

Situationism or contextual ethics is...

Answer 45

the belief there are broad guidelines for behaviour. ## Footnote H19