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Peds - Growth and Development > Week 3 - Growth and Development > Flashcards

Week 3 - Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the avg weight and height gain each year for preschool children?

A

Weight: 2-3 kg/yr
Height: 2.5-3.5 inches/yr

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2
Q

How do physical proportions change in preschool children?

A
  • Slender but sturdy bodies
  • lose pot belly
  • erect posture
  • graceful and agile - they master sitting, crawling, and running
  • males and females are similar in size and proportion
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3
Q

What are preschool children prone to?

A

Viral Infections
- learning to play in new environment, new germs, immune system is still developing

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4
Q

What are the gross motor skills of a 3, 4, & 5 year old?

A

3 - walking, running, climbing, jumping, riding a tricycle

4 - Skipping and hopping on 1 foot, can catch things (ball)

5 - skipping on alternate feet, jump rope, skate, swim

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5
Q

What are the fine motor skills of a 3, 4, & 5 year old?

A

Toddlers - scribbles and patterns
2 to 3 - recognize and draws shapes, combinations, and aggregates
4 to 5 - can draw recognizable pictures

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6
Q

What is self-assertion and at what age is it most prominent?

A

The belief that they can do everything themselves. Having a lot of confidence in their abilities.
- A major theme in preschool-aged children.

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7
Q

What are common personal-social behaviors of pre-school aged children?

A
  • self-assertion
  • independent dressing, eating, toileting by age 4 to 5
  • desire to please
  • internalized values
  • more secure w/ sibling arrival at this stage
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8
Q

What does Erikson say are key developments in preschool-aged children?

A

Developing a sense of initiative vs guilt
- Initiative: with confidence, being able to say or do things
- if they are unable to do a task, they may feel anxious and feel guilty about it

Appreciate right and wrong (via house rules)

Development of superego (conscience)

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9
Q

What is Piaget’s pre-operational phase?
- Preconceptual
- Preoperational

A

Pre-operational - Ages 2-7
- Child can’t think in terms of operations (how to manipulate objects in a logical manner)
- egocentric use of language

Preconceptual (2-4)
- a subdivision of pre-operational phase
- a transition that bridges self-satisfying behavior and undeveloped socialized behavior

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10
Q

What are the 2 speech types in children 2 to 4?

A

Egocentric speech - repeating words and sounds only b/c they like hearing themselves, not for communication purposes

Socialized speech - for communication, but still egocentric in that they talk about themselves

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11
Q

Do Preschool children understand time?

A

No, time is abstract to them.
Avoid using words such as “yesterday” or “tomorrow”

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12
Q

At what developmental stage do children have magical thinking?

A

Preschool-aged children believe in superpowers

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13
Q

What are changes to body image in preschool children?

A
  • Increased awareness of self and others
  • poorly defined body boundaries
  • ## Poor understanding of internal anatomy
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14
Q

What developmental changes are seen in sexuality among preschool-aged children?

A
  • sexual identity
  • sexual beliefs
  • sex typing
  • gender behaviors
  • sexual exploration of children
  • learn from the opposite gender
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15
Q

What social developments are made in preschool-aged children?

A
  • increased social interactions
  • PLAY
  • Separation-individuation process
  • life opportunities reintroduce fears: ex. prolonged separation
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16
Q

At which age does language develop? Be specific.

A

By age 1 - know 4-5 words
By age 3-4 - know 2000 words
Ages 3 to 4 - 3 or 4 word sentences
Age 4 to 5 - 4 or 5 word sentences
Age 6 - understand all parts of speech

17
Q

When does stuttering become a concern?

A

Common in young children.
Concerning when stuttering persists, there is a family history, and is causing the child stress

18
Q

What types of play are there?

A
  • associative
  • imitation
  • imaginary playmates
  • mutual play w/ parents
19
Q

What is the caloric, fiber, fluid, and sleep requirement for preschool-aged children?

A

Nutrition - 90 kcal/kg/day
Fiber - 19g (3 yrs) and 25g (4-5 yrs)
Fluid - Holliday Segar method
Sleep - 12 hours/night

20
Q

What is the Live 5-2-1-0?

A

Simple guidelines for raising healthy children.
5 - enjoy 5 or more vegetables and fruits every day
2 - No more than 2 hours of screen time a day
1 - at least 1 hour of play each day
0 - zero sugar-sweetened drinks

21
Q

Nurse’s Role with Preschool-aged children

A
  • promote growth and development through play
  • promote early learning and language development
  • promote appropriate discipline
  • promote nutrition and healthy eating habits, and prevent obesity
  • promote healthy teeth and gums
  • promoting healthy sleep and rest
  • promote safety in the car, at home (2nd hand smoke, injuries, poisoning), and in water
22
Q

What age group are school-aged children?

A

6-12

23
Q

How much do school-aged children grow by each each (weight and height)?

A

Height - 2 inches/year
Weight - 2-3 kg/year

24
Q

What is the average age of puberty in boys and girls?

A

Boys - 14
Girls - 12

25
Q

At what age are baby teeth lost?

A

6-7

26
Q

What does Erikson say about school-aged children?

A

Developing a sense of industry (accomplishment) is very important at this stage.
- very eager to develop skills and participate in meaningful work
- acquire a sense of personal and interpersonal competence
- a growing sense of independence
- peer approval is a strong motivator

27
Q

What does Piaget say about school-aged children?

A

Concrete operations stage
- use logical thought processes to experience events and actions
- develop an understanding of relationships between things and ideas
- able to make judgments based on reason
- understands the law of conservation

28
Q

What language developments are made in school-aged children?

A
  • efficient language skills
  • important linguistic accomplishments
  • improved grammar, and word usage
  • “metalinguistic awareness”: understanding metaphors, words with different meanings, etc.

Improvements in sentence structure

29
Q

Social development in school-aged children

A
  • peers are important; identification w/ peers is a strong influence in a child gaining independence from parents
  • lots of peer pressure
  • sex roles are strongly influenced by peer relationships
  • formation of groups or social clubs
30
Q

Developments in sexuality in school-aged children

A
  • sexuality is a normal curiosity of childhood
  • develop attitudes about sex
  • changes in secondary sex characteristics during puberty

Peds - Growth and Development (7 decks)

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