Week 3 Energy

Question 1

Atwater factors

Answer 1

Macronutrients; protein, carbs, fats, alcohol

Question 2

What do the Atwater factors equal

Answer 2

Energy intake

Question 3

Energy expenditure

Answer 3

Resting metabolism (50-75%)
Physical activity (15-40%)
Thermic effect of food (5-10%)

Question 4

Basal metabolic weight

Answer 4

Energy expenditure when body in fasted and rested state

Question 5

Resting metabolic rate

Answer 5

Energy expended when at rest but without conditions

Question 6

Factors that affect resting metabolism

Answer 6

Age, sex, body size, climate, body composition, fasting, genetics, chemicals, menstrual cycle, hormonal activity, infection / illness

Question 7

Thermic effect of food

Answer 7

Metabolism increases during digestions, absorption and metabolism of food. Varies with size and composition of meals

Question 8

Macronutrient hierarchy

Answer 8

Fat < carbs < protein

Question 9

Most variable component of energy expenditure

Answer 9

Physical exercise (active exercise, incidental activity, fidgeting)

Question 10

Direct calorimetry

Answer 10

Measures heat produced by body

Question 11

Indirect calorimetry

Answer 11

Measure:
- rate of o2 utilisation & co2 production
- hydrogen loss from the body after water consumption (with isotopes)
- heart rate
- Accelerometers
- Activity recorders

Question 12

The factorial method

Answer 12

Estimated energy requirement (EER) based on estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) and physical activity level (PAL)

EER = BMR x PAL

Question 13

Schofield equation

Answer 13

BMR kj/day Males = [63 x weight (kg)] + 2896
BMR kj/day Females = [61 x weight (kg)] + 2036

Question 14

Energy balance

Answer 14

The state in which energy intake (food & beverages), matches the energy expended. Primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity