Week 3: Eating & Exercise Flashcards
Explain how our diet can have an indirect and direct link with illness
Fat intake is directly linked to various forms of heart disease by range of psychological mechanisms
Fat intake is indirectly related to disease by virtue of its affects on weight control and obesity
How many deaths does the world health organisation say is caused by a low intake of fruit and vegetables
Over 3 million deaths a year worldwide by increasing the risk of contracting certain forms of cancer or cardiovascular disease
How are eating disorders associated with illness onset
They are associated with physical problems such as heart irregularities heart attacks stunted growth osteoporosis and reproductive problems
What illnesses is obesity associated with
Diabetes, heart disease and some forms of cancer
How does diet play a role in treating illnesses once the person is diagnosed
Obese people are mainly managed through diet based interventions
Patients diagnosed with angina, heart disease or following a heart attack also also recommended to change your lifestyle with particular emphasis on stopping smoking, increasing their physical activity and adopting a healthy diet
Diet changes are central to the management of both type one and type to diabetes often in a sense of weight loss
When someone has diabetes how much weight loss has been shown to result in improved glucose metabolism
Just a 10% decrease in weight has been shown to do this
In developing countries why is under eating in children significantly important
It results in physical and cognitive problems as well as a poor resistance to illness
What is wrong with the typical child diet in the western world
It does not match the recommendations for a healthy diet and children have been shown to eat too much fat and not enough fruit or vegetables
Do Australians meet the minimum recommended service for the five major food groups
No they do not
Less than 4% consume enough vegetables and legumes or beans each day
How many people in Australia meet the guidelines for dairy products
Only one in 10 meet the guidelines
How many Australians consume the minimum number of serves of lean meats and alternatives per day
One in seven people
In 1/3 of the population where does the total daily energy intake come from
It comes from energy dense but nutrient poor discretionary foods such as sweetened drinks alcohol cakes confectionery and pastries
What percentage of Australians are overweight or obese
63.4% of Australian adults
Two in every three people are overweight
How many Australians experience hypertension
2.6 million people or 11. 3%
What is a 3 key models of eating behaviour
Cognition models, developmental model, the weight concern model
Explain some of the research for the cognitive model of eating behaviour?
Has explored the role of specific cognitions in predicting intentions to consume specific foods.
They suggest that behavioural intentions are not particularly good predictors of behaviour but they highlight the importance of past behaviour and habit in predicting eating behaviour
has also pointed out the role of perceived behavioural control in predicting behaviour particularly in relation to healthy eating
What is the role of distraction in cognitive models of eating?
When we are distracted we are disconnecting our brains from the internal signals that mediate satiety
For example watching television increases food intake it may disrupt the link between food intake and the reductions in the desire to eat
What is the role of memory in cognitive models of eating?
Reminding participants of recent meals makes the memories of these meals more vivid which intern suppresses subsequent food intake
What is mindless eating?
Refers to how environmental or otherwise unconscious cues influence what and how much we eat
Explain the developmental model of eating behaviour
Highlights the importance of learning experience experience and focuses on the development of food preferences in childhood
What three factors influence or can explain the development of food preferences
Exposure, social learning, associative learning
Explain how exposure contributes to the development of food preferences
Humans normally show fear and avoidance of novel food - neophobia
Children typically show these responses to food but must come to accept and eat foods that may originally appear as threatening research has shown that exposure to novel foods can change preferences this is an adaptive mechanism
What has research found regarding food preference modification through reward and exposure?
There were two groups of children
One group was repeatedly exposed to new foods
The other group were told that they could choose a sticker if they ate one piece of the food
What they found was that exposure was more effective than reward
How does social learning relate to food preference development
Social learning describes the impact of observing other people‘s behaviour
For example parental behaviour and attitudes are central to the process with research highlighting a positive association between parents and children’s diets eg. children are more likely to eat a proper breakfast if their parents do
Media advertising promotes unhealthy foods and this can have a great impact on children. Studies have shown that obese children recognise more of the junk food adverts the children who are not
