week 3: diseases of arteries

Question 1

an ____ is a localized dilation or outpouching of a vessel wall or cardiac chamber

Answer 1

aneurysm

Question 2

_____ aneurysm involves all 3 layers of arterial wall and are described as a weakening of the vessel wall (fusiform or circumferential)

Answer 2

true aneurysm

outpouches on both sides

Question 3

____ aneurysm is an extravascular hematoma that communicated with the intravascular space

Answer 3

false aneurysm

break in vessel wall (usually by trauma)

Question 4

the 2 conditions that are found in more than half of all individuals with aneurysms

Answer 4

arteriosclerosis and htn

(htn - shear forces that remodel/weaken vessel walls
atherosclerosis - plaque formation erodes the vessel wall)

Question 5

where do aneurysms most commonly occur?

Answer 5

thoracic or abdominal aorta

Question 6

____ _____ is a devastating complication that can involve any part of the aorta and can disrupt flow through arterial branches, thus creating surgical emergency

Answer 6

aortic dissection

Question 7

symptoms of aortic dissection :

Answer 7

sudden severe sharp pain in chest of upper back, described as a tearing, stabbing or ripping feeling, SOB, fainting, dizziness, low blood pressure, high suspicion when there’s 20mmHg pressure difference bw the arms

Question 8

____ occurs when there’s a tear in the intima and blood enters the wall of the artery

(occurs from trauma or ischemia from plaque weakening the intima, chronic htn and inflammation contribute to degradation of vessel wall)

Answer 8

(aortic) dissection

Question 9

____ ___ ____ occurs when intraventricular tension stretches the noncontracting infarcted muscle

usually after a heart attack !!

Answer 9

ventricular wall aneurysm

with time the aneurysm becomes fibrotic but continues to bulge with each systole, acting as a reservoir for some of the stroke volume

Question 10

__ ___ is an outpouching of a weakened arterial wall
occurs in 2-4% of population
it is usually silent over a lifetime, but can be complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 10

intracranial aneurysm

Question 11

goals of medical treatment on aneurysms are:

Answer 11

maintain low blood volume and low blood pressure to decrease mechanical forces thought to contribute to vessel wall dilation

for aortic aneurysms: smoking cessation, reducing blood pressure/volume and beta blockers. surgery is done when the anuerysm reaches 5cm in diameter