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NURA 621 Chem/Phys > Week 3 Day 1 O Chem > Flashcards

Week 3 Day 1 O Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

Which kind of bond does an alkane contain?

A

carbon - carbon single bonds

carbon - hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

Hexane

A

C6H14

6 carbons

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3
Q

Naming a carboxylic acid

A

add the suffix “oic acid” to the parent name

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4
Q

Many anesthetic gases are ___________ ethers.

A

halogenated

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5
Q

Ethyl group

A

C2H5

*not stable, missing a bond*

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6
Q

Removing a hydrogen from an alkane leaves an…

A

Alkyl

In place of the missing H, alkyls will bond to something else

Name by replacing “ane” with “yl”

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7
Q

Two anesthestics used a long time ago

A

diethyl ether

methyl propyl ether

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8
Q

Butane

A

C4H10

4 carbons

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9
Q

CH3

A

Methyl group

*not stable, missing a bond*

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10
Q

Describe the difference between ammonia and ammonium regarding the basicity of nitrogen.

A

N has 5 valence electrons and wants 3 more to complete its valence shell.

However, in ammonia and very many amines, N can form 4 covalent bonds and it acquires a “+” charge

This can be pH dependent, the higher the pH (basic, less H+ floating around, the more ammonia, NH3.)

The lower the pH (acidic, more H+ floating around, the more ammonium, NH4+)

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11
Q

Propene

A

C3H6

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12
Q

Functional group derived from ammonia, NH3

A

Amine

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13
Q

A molecule is chiral if…

A

there is a “right handed” form of the molecule that is different from the “left handed” form.

the rotated molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image

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14
Q

Alkynes

A

contain at least 1 carbon-carbon triple bond

as well as carbon-hydrogen bonds

Named by adding “yne”

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15
Q

Pentane

A

C5H12

5 carbons

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16
Q

Classify purine

A

nitrogenous heteroaromatic

forms the basis of A, and G (adenine, and guanine)

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17
Q

The right handed and left handed forms of a molecule can be referred to as ________.

A

Enantiomers

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18
Q

The simplest alkyne

A

C2H2

ethyne, acetylene

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19
Q

Methane

A

CH4

1 carbon

natural gas

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20
Q

If you replace 1 H from H20 with an alkyl, you have an…

A

alcohol (functional group based on water)

To name, name the larger back bone, identify the location of the OH (hydroxyl) and add “ol”.

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21
Q

IUPAC nomenclature rules

A
  1. name the longest alkane - this is the parent chain
  2. name all substituent alkyl groups in alphabetical order
  3. use multipliers to indicate number of identical substituents
  4. number the parent chain from the end, giving the lowest possible numbers for substituents
  5. number the substituents. Numbers are separated from numbers with “,”, and from letters with “-“.
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22
Q

How does an isopropyl group differ from a propyl group?

A

The isopropyl group is an isomer of the propyl group

A propyl group connects to another group of atoms at the first carbon in the 3 carbon chain

An isopropyl group is attached to another atom at the center of the propyl group

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23
Q

Naming a ketone

A

named with suffix “-one”

i.e. propanone (acetone)

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24
Q

What is a carbonyl carbon?

A

A carbon double bonded to an oxygen

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25
Q

Common name for 1, 2-ethanediol

A

ethylene glycol

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26
Q

Isopropyl group

A

C3H7

27
Q

Functional group based on water, replace both H’s of H20 with alkyls. What do we have?

A

Ethers

Contains an –O– bridge between organic compounds

28
Q

C8H18

A

Octane

Gasoline

29
Q

Classify pyrimidine

A

nitrogenous heteroaromatic

forms the basis of the nucleobases C, U, and T

(cytosine, uracil, and thymine)

“Cut the Py”

“CU T Py”

30
Q

cis

A

same side

31
Q

Similar to esters except that the O has been repalced with an N, formed by reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine.

A

Amides

32
Q

Propane

A

C3H8

33
Q

Describe an ester.

A

Similar to carboxylic acids except that the H of the Hydroxyl has been replaced with an organic group

name by adding suffix “oate” to the the parent name

34
Q

Alkenes can combine with other alkenes to form larger __________.

A

Alkanes (basis for many polymers)

i.e. formation of polyethylene (HDPE #2 LDPE #4) from ethylene

polypropylene (PP#5) from propylene

polystyrene (PS #6) from styrene

polyvinylchloride (PVC #3) from chloroethene

**longer chains are more stable**

35
Q

Rules for naming ethers.

A

When alkyls are linked by an –O– bridge:

  1. the smaller alkyl goes first, followed by “-oxy-“ then the larger alkyl group

OR

  1. The two substituents are named, followed by “ether.”
36
Q

trans

A

across

37
Q

Two names for C2H2

A

ethyne or acetylene

38
Q

T or F: Cycloalkanes contain only single bonds.

A

True

39
Q

Alkanes that form rings are called?

A

Cycloalkanes

Name by prefixing “cyclo-“ to the alkane name

**they contain only single bonds**

40
Q

How do ketones differ from aldehydes?

A

Ketones do NOT have a hydrogen bound to the carbonyl carbon.

41
Q

C9H20

A

Nonane

42
Q

Naming an aldehyde

A

suffix “-al”

i.e. methanal (formaldehyde)

43
Q

Describe a carboxylic acid

A

Carbonyl group with a hydroxl group bonded to the carbonyl carbon

44
Q

This type of compound contains a benzene ring.

A

Aromatics

common in nature, often have strong odors and tastes

i.e. cinnamon, cloves, thyme, vanilla, tarragon

45
Q

shape of tetrahedral carbon molecule

A

tripod with 4th piece sticking upwards.

109.5° angles between

46
Q

Geometry of carbon-carbon double bond

A

cannot rotate (would have to break and make new convalent bonds in order to change conformation)

forms a planar molecule with 120° angles between X and Y

47
Q

Boiling point _________ with increasing molecular weight.

A

Increases;

Larger alkanes are less volatile than smaller ones

i.e. methane (CH4) is a gas, octane (C8H18) is liquid at STP

48
Q

A benzene ring has ___ carbons and ___ alternating double bonds.

A

6 carbons; 3 alternating double bonds

49
Q

T or F: A molecule is a stereoisomer if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.

A

True

50
Q

C4H8

A

Butene

51
Q

Where are the halogens on the periodic table and which elements are they?

A

Group 7A

F, Cl, Br, and I

52
Q

What are nitrogenous heteroaromatics?

A

Non-benzenoid rings that contain nitrogen.

(Hetero means other; these compunds have one or more atoms other than carbon in the ring. Nitrogenenous means that the other atom is a nitrogen atom.)

53
Q

Heptane

A

C7H16

7 carbons

54
Q

Aromatic alcohols are called…

A

phenols

a benzene ring with one OH molecule attached

55
Q

Geometry of carbon carbon single bond

A

conformations around single bonds will rotate so that pieces are as far apart as possible for lowest energy state, aka steric hindrance

56
Q

C2H4

A

Ethene

57
Q

In order for a carbon to be a chiral carbon, it must be bonded to how many different groups?

A

4

58
Q

The simplest amino acid

A

Glycine

aminoethanoic acid

59
Q

What is an alkene?

A

contains at least 1 carbon-carbon double bond,

as well as carbon hydrogen bonds

60
Q

C3H7

A

Propyl or Isopropyl (isomer of propyl group)

*not stable, missing a bond*

61
Q

Ethane

A

C2H6

2 carbons

62
Q

What is an aldehyde?

A

Contain a hydrogen bound to the carbonyl carbon (carbon double bonded to an oxygen)

63
Q

Rules for naming an alkene.

A

Must specify where the double bond is, using lowest number possible

Must specify which side of the double bond the larger substituents are on, using “cis” and “trans”

64
Q
A

NURA 621 Chem/Phys (11 decks)

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