Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction > Week 3 - Core clinical problems > Flashcards

Week 3 - Core clinical problems Flashcards

1
Q

In a patient presenting with acute abdominal pain, what is the 1st line investigation?

A

US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What method of imaging is useful for finding mets?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For what imaging techniques would you use for endometrial cancer (and why)?

A

TVUS - 1st line. Good for looking for thickened endometrium
CT - Good for looking for mets
MR - Assessing the myometrium invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If a patient presents with an unknown pelvic mass, what imaging technique should be used 1st line

A

US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When assessing fertility issues, what mode of imaging should be used

A

MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MR should be used to image for Ovarian cancer - T/F

A

F

US used to diagnose & CT should be used to stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What imaging method should be used for assessing response to cancer treatment?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What imaging is used to find nuchal thickness?

A

US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What general tests can be used to screen for down’s syndrome?

A

Nuchal thickness
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
AFP (alpha fetoprotein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What specific diagnostic tests can be used for testing for down’s syndrome?

A

Amniocentesis

Chorionic villus sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the placenta made from?

A

Trophoblast and Decidual tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is pre-eclampsia

A

Pregnancy induced hypertension & proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes pre-eclampsia?

A

Increased secretion of placental hormones
Immune response to fetus
Insufficient blood supply to placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is eclampsia?

A

Extreme pre-eclampsia without treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes the uterus to contract and become excitable?

A

Oestrogen : Progesterone ratio altering
Oxytocin
Mechanical stretch of uterine
Stretch of cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Strong neurogenic contractions + Pain from birth canal cause what kind of reflex?

A

A neurogenic reflex from the spinal cord that induce abdo muscle contractions

17
Q

What inhibits milk production

A

Oestrogen and Progesterone - there is a sudden drop once baby is born

18
Q

Give the reason for asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction

A

Normal head & small body.

Suggests the baby is preserving brain growth instead of abdomen

19
Q

Major risk factors for a SGA baby

A 
Smoker (10+) 
Maternal age 40+ 
Antiphospholipid syndrome 
Hypertension 
Renal problems
Cocaine use 
BMI >35 
Daily vigorous exercise
20
Q

How to diagnose SGA

A

Measure fetal AC (abdominal circumference)

Combine with head circumference +/- femur length

21
Q

How can you tell if a MCA doppler ultrasound is normal in a placenta?

A

Should have a forward flow

22
Q

When is it indicated that you should deliver baby early (before 37 weeks) by C-section?

A

If growth becomes static
Abnormal umbilical artery doppler
Abnormal MCA doppler
Abnormal venosus ductus doppler

23
Q

What is polydramnios?

A

Excess amniotic fluid

24
Q

Investigations for polydramnios

A

Oral glucose tolerance test
Serology
Antibody screen
USS

25
Q

Management for gestational diabetes in pregnant mother

A

Advise avoid getting pregnant if HbA1c = 86 mmol or more

Give 5mg folic acid 3 months before conception

26
Q

What could be a cause of polydramios

A

Maternal diabetes

Fetal infection

27
Q

If a mother has diabetes, what risks does this pose to the fetus?

A

Shoulder dystocia
Pre-eclampsia
Neonatal hypoglycaemia
Macrosomia (LGW)

28
Q

What nerve fibre types are in the pelvis (body cavity) vs perineum (body wall)?

A 
Pelvis = parasympathetic/sympathetic & visceral afferents 
Perineum = Somatic motor & Somatic sensory
29
Q

In what region do you inject an epidural?

A

L3/L4 region

30
Q

Where does spinal cord end and cauda equina begin?

A

L2 vertebra

31
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

structures of the perineum

32
Q

what branches does the pudendal nerve form from?

A

S2-S4

33
Q

What are the 3 male accessory glands?

A

Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Seminal vesicle

34
Q

Will female development occur in the presence of SRY transcription factor?

A

NO. SRY transcription factor needs to be absent

35
Q

Leydig cells = males

____ cells - females?

A

Thecal

36
Q

At what stage can you determine sex of baby?

A

Week 7

37
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

External urethral opening lies in an abnormal position along the ventral aspect of the penis

Reproduction (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions