Week 3: Constraints led approach in Exercise Prescription & Delivery Flashcards
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Explain the Constraints-led Approach & its relevance to exercise/training prescription.
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Identify and explain how constraints & affordances can inform athletic training/exercise prescription decision-making.
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Understand and explain how the constraints-led approach can be instructionally utilised to to guide movement progression and problem solve movement flaws.
background to the constraints lets approach
Compare and Contrast Centralised Movement Programs vs Dynamical Systems
Key Differences:
Focus: CMP focuses on centralized control, while DS emphasizes the interaction of multiple systems.
Variability: CMP sees variation as negative, while DS views it as essential for adaptation.
Learning: CMP emphasizes deliberate practice, while DS highlights the role of exploration and self-organization.
Both theories contribute to our understanding of motor control. CMP might be useful for analyzing simple, well-practiced movements, while DS offers a broader perspective on how complex movements emerge from the interplay of various factors.
refer to slide 6 of week 3 lecture
background to the constraints lets approach
case study: Bootsma & van Wieringen (1990)
what did it examine and what are the implicationsof its results?
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refer to slide 7
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Explain the constraints led approach
(Newell, 1986)
* coordinated movements emerge from neuromuscular self organisatoin given the existence or presence of task, individucal and environmental constraints
* not necessarily pre-determined/planned but responsive or adaptive to conditions
refer to slide 8
Define constraint
=boundaries or featuers shaping/influencing emergent behaviour
=a factor that eliminates, reduces, or influences options for ways of movements
refer to slide 8
What are centralised movement programs
Centralised Movement Programs: refers to the interaction between movement control center, movement instructions, movement effectors
* brain pre-planned (open loop) + specific
* conscious, deliberative control
* fixed, rigid movement patterns
* movement error and variations is bad/unwanted
refer to slide 6
What are dynamical systems
Dynamical Systems: refers to interactions between neural, hormonal, biomechanical, physiological, psychological and environmental conditions
* randomness to self organisation
* synergies create variability/changeable movement
* variation exploration for optimal function
* movements develop stability and become unstable in exploration
* abstract movement options in brain control, but response to condition/constraints
refer to slide 6
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What are considerations for each constraint?
Constraints lead to a new alternative or repeated ways of moving, if stable, in a given task
individual searches and identiifes a movement solution for given tasks within movement constraints (conditions)
Individual (organismic):
* anthropometric, physiological, ROM at jts, perceptual cognitive skills, psychological, pre-existing experience/skill capabilites
* health problems % comorbidities affecting movement
Task:
* movement task goal, task biomechincal & physiological demands (time/speed demands), co-independece, game/task rules; implement/control components; movement complexity
Environment:
* environmental conditoins (presence of objects/equipment,surfaces, ambient)
* need to respond to external stimuli (ball; objects)
* exercise instructions and social conditions in context
* coach instructions; presence of opponents/positons in sport
refer to slide 9
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constraints in a performance setting
Newell, 1986
refer to slide 10
constraints in exercise settings informing prescription
Newell, 1986
refer to slide 11
Describe the main characteristics and notions of the constraints-led approach
Gray, 2017
* understanding cordinated behaviour = understanding constraints present
* changing coordinated behaviour = careful altering/manipulation of constraints
* constraints don’t cause movements, nor idenitfy a prescribed ‘perfect’ movement for a specific task (rather influence/guide self coordination)
* optimal movement is based on ‘it depends’ (presence/ abscence) on what specific task, individual and environmental factors are involved
* simlarity and unique movement behaviour (and variability) can occur –> movement solutions work toward maximising either accuracy, intial protection/safety, competence and capacity = encourages exploration of movement behaviour
* potentiall no one’ idealised’ movement pattern is apparent for a given skill = less need to instruct/coach for a perfect model
refer to slide 12
How can the constraints led approach be used in exercise/training prescription settings?
The constraints-led approach can be used to …
1. identify constraints affecting movement capability/performance; understand movement limitations in exercise/performance settings
2. identify exercise/training modality and prescription programming options
3. help assess, evaluate and determine skill competence and capacity emerging from CNS/muscular movement
4. help shape/guide movement via task and environmental constraint adaptation to optimise progression
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refer to slide 14 - 17
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Identify the steps to utilising the constraints led approach
refer to slide 14 - 17
Explain how the constraints led approach can be applied in instructional settings
- emergent neuromuscular behaviour - instructional strategies
prescription –> emergent movement outcomes –> observe multiple reps/trials –> assess risks, form probelk, attentional and proprioceptive focus, skill criteria –> instructional strategies
- task modification/adaptation; regression vs progression
- environment manipulation
- constraints framework implicitly encourages “reduction of verbal instruction”
refer to slide 18
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Describe the constraints approach and task movement progression
- GOAL IS TO BUILD COMPETENCE AND CAPACITY –> positive correlation with time!
- y axis: competence and capability continuum
- x axis = movement skill competence and capability over time
slide 19 - 26
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Constraints approach in movement problem solving principles
- strategy: environment constraint manipulation
- achieve more apprroriate movement positions
- maxmimisation of proprioception skill leanring and error detection
- minimise technical (distractional) instruction
refer to slides 27 - 31
What are the key points for instructors/trainer when using the constraints led approach
- identify constraings affecting emergent movement (variation), skill and or performance
- consdierate of constraints, facilitate movement requirements aligned to target outcomes –> faciltiate movement exploration
- assess and adapt task and environment constraints to shape emergent CNS/muscular movement variations
- adapt task and environments to optimise skill competency and capacity progression over time
