week 3- consonants

Question 1

/p,b/, /t,d/, /k,g/ oppositions

Answer 1

• The stops. The most consonant type of consonant.
• /p,b/ produced at the lips- voiceless/ voiced- bilabial
• /t,d/ produced by the tip or blade of the tongue- voiceless/ voiced - alveolar
• /k,g/ produced by thr back of the tongue and the soft palete- voiceless/ voiced- velar

Question 2

what is aspiration

Answer 2

lack of voicing

Question 3

when are plosives most aspirated

Answer 3

in front of vowels rather than aftrer

Question 4

what is neutralization

Answer 4

when you cannot distinguish between two phonemes. Eg: /p,b/.

Question 5

3 stages of consonant articulation

Answer 5

1. The closing stage- the active and passive articulators touch each other, they close.
   Vocal cords vibrating = A fully voiced stop
2. The compression stage- after the articulators have closed, the air behind the blockage is backed up.
   Vocal cords start vibrating = A partially voiced stop
3. The release stage- the articulators come apart.
   Vocal cords start vibrating = voiceless sound

Question 6

• Compression stage

Answer 6

air is pumped out of the lungs which results in the air in the mouth having a higher pressure than outside the body.

Question 7

• Release stage

Answer 7

articulators come apart, active articulator moves away from the passive articulator.

Question 8

fortis

Answer 8

Strong consonant (fortis)-voiceless consonant

Question 9

lenis

Answer 9

Weak consonants (lenis)- voiced consonant

Question 10

affricate

Answer 10

the production of two movements, a stop followed by a fricative. E.g. church. Post alveolar affricates.