WEEK 3: Bone Anatomy Flashcards
Lost and describe the functions of bones
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral homeostasis (storage and release): calcium and phosphorous (gives bone hardness). The body will break down the bone to release minerals into the blood.
- Blood cell production (red bone marrow).
- Triglyceride storage (yellow bone marrow)
What are the five classifications of bone?
- long
- flat
- short
- irregular
- sesamoid
What are long bones?
- longer than they are wide
FUNCTION: support weight and facilitate movement
e.g., the lower limbs (the tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, and phalanges) and bones in the upper limbs (the humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, and phalanges).
What are flat bones?
- flattened bones, thin
FUNCTION: protection and a large area of attachment for muscles
e.g., scapula, sternum, ribs
What are short bones?
- about as long as they are wide
FUNCTION: provide stability and some movement
i.e., carpals in the wrist (scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, hamate, pisiform, capitate, trapezoid, and trapezium) and the tarsals in the ankles (calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and medial cuneiform).
What are irregular bones?
- complex shapes
FUNCTION: often serve as protection for internal organs
i.e., vertebrae, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid.
What are sesamoid bones?
- bone embedded in tendons
FUNCTION: protection from stress and wear
i.e., patella, found in knee/thumb/toe
Structures of bone: diaphysis
- middle section of the bone that houses the medullary cavity
Structures of bone: proximal and distal epiphysis
- ends of bone that is filled with spongy bone
- contains red bone marrow
- each end meets at the metaphysis
- prox is up high, dist is down low
Structures of the bone: medullary cavity
- filled with yellow bone marrow that is made of adipose tissue
- adipose tissue holds tyglericides
Structures of the bone: endosteum
- the inner lining of the medullary cavity
Structures of the bone: periosteum
- the fibrous membrane of the bone
- covers the entire external surface of the bone
Structures of the bone: epiphyseal plate
- indicative of the boundary between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
- is a layer of hyaline cartilage
- the location where growth prior to puberty occurs
Structures of the bone: articular cartilage
- a thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
Types of bone cells:
- Osteoprogenitor cell
- Osteoblast
- Osteocyte
- Osteoclast