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mine > WEEK 1: Terminology > Flashcards

WEEK 1: Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate between anatomy and physiology

A

Anatomy = is the study of the structure of the body
i.e., a blood vessel is circular, surrounded by layer of endothelial cells with small caps between them.

Physiology = the study of how body structures function
i.e., the gaps between the endothelial cells permits the fusion of small ions and molecules in/out of the blood vessel.

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2
Q

What are planes?

A

Planes are 2D slices through a 3D space.
They are used to divide the body.

3 PLANES = sagittal, frontal (coronal) and transverse.

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3
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

A vertical line that divides the body into left and right sections.

Produces forward and backwards movements (flexion/ extension).

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4
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

A vertical line that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Produces sideways movements (abduction/ adduction).

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5
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

A horizontal line that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections.

Produces rotational movements (can be opposite or same side rotation).

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6
Q

Anterior

A

Pertaining to the front of the body i.e., the kneecap is on front of the leg.

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7
Q

Posterior

A

Pertaining to the back of the body. I.e., shoulder blades sit on the posterior.

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8
Q

Superior

A

Higher than another point of reference i.e., the head is superior to the feet.

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9
Q

Inferior

A

Lower than another point of reference i.e., the feet are inferior to head.

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10
Q

Proximal

A

Relatively near a point of origin or attachment i.e., the shoulder is closer to the trunk and so it is proximal to the hand.

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11
Q

Distal

A

Relatively distant from a point of origin or attachment i.e., the hand is distal to the shoulder.

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12
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle of the body i.e., the nose medial to the ears.

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13
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the middle of the body i.e., the ears are lateral to the nose.

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14
Q

Superifical

A

Relatively close to the body surface i.e., the skin is superficial, or the ribs are superficial to the lungs.

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15
Q

Deep

A

Relatively far from the body surface i.e., deep stab wound.

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16
Q

Prone

A

Describing a reclining body, face down i.e., your face is face down in a plank position.

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17
Q

Supine

A

Describing a reclining body, face up i.e., sunbaking on your back on beach.

18
Q

What are the three different regions of the body?

A
  • cranial cavity
  • thoracic cavity
  • abdominopelvic cavity
19
Q

What is the cranial cavity?

A

Formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain.

Vertebral canal = formed by the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves.

20
Q

What is the thoracic cavity?

A

Contains the heart and lungs.

Pleural cavity = surrounds the lungs (pleura = serous membrane of cavity)

Pericardial cavity = surrounds the heart (pericardium = serous membrane of cavity)

Mediastinum = central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs and extends from sternum to vertebral column and from rib to diaphragm (contains heart, thymus, oesophagus, trachea, blood vessels).

21
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

This cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm.

Abdominal cavity (highest cavity) = contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine and most of large intestion (peritoneum = serous membrane of cavity).

Pelvic cavity = bladder, some large intestine, internal reproductive organs.

22
Q

What is the anatomical reference position?

A
  • standing upright
  • arms by the side
  • palms forward
  • feet slightly apart and parallel
23
Q

What is a root of a word?

A

Primary meaning of word

24
Q

What is a suffix of a word?

A

End of the word that gives meaning i.e., cite (mature cell) – an osteocyte is a mature muscle cell, a myocyte is a mature muscle cell.

25
Q

What is a prefix?

A

Start of the word which modifies meaning i.e., Hypotension (hypo = higher) so high blood pressure.

26
Q

What are bony landmarks?

A

Grooves and prominences found on the bones that help us identify the location of other structures i.e., muscle.

  • crest
  • spinous process
  • condyle
  • epicondyle
  • tubercle
  • tuberosity
  • trochanter
  • facet
  • fissue
  • foramen
    -foramina
  • meatus
  • sinus
  • sulcus
  • suture
27
Q

What is a crest (bony landmark)?

A

Prominent ridge or elongated projection (top of hip bone).

28
Q

What is a spinous process?

A

Sharp, slender projection (the vertebrae).

29
Q

What is a condlye (bony landmark)?

A

Large, round protuberance with smooth articular surface at the end of bone (the femur or thigh bone)

30
Q

What is an epicondyle (bony landmark)?

A

Roughened projection above a condyle (on the knee).

31
Q

What is a trochanter (bony landmark)?

A

Grooves or prominences found on side of the bone (femur).

32
Q

What is a tubercle (bony landmark)?

A

Variably sized rounded projection (on the humerus and rib).

33
Q

What is tuberosity (bony landmark)?

A

Variably sized projection, usually for muscle or ligament attachment (at the femur to contact the glutes).

34
Q

What is a facet (bony landmark)?

A

Variably sized projection, usually for muscle or ligament attachment (at the femur to contact the glutes).

35
Q

What is a fissure (bony landmark)?

A

Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone or tissue (between the left and right hemispheres of the brain).

36
Q

What is a foramen (bony landmark)?

A

Opening, hole (in the brain where the spinal cord exits).

37
Q

What is meatus (bony landmark)?

A

A tube-like channel that extends within the bone, which may provide passage and protection to nerves, vessels, and even sound (auditory canal).

38
Q

What is foramina (bony landmark)?

A

Plural of foramen (between the spinal cord).

39
Q

What is sulcus (bony landmark)?

A

Furrow along the bone surface (commonly accommodates blood vessel, nerve, or tendon).

40
Q

What is a suture (bony landmark)?

A

Seam-like immoveable junction between two bones (join all areas of the brain together).

41
Q

What is a trochanter (bony landmark)?

A

Large roughened prominence (femur).

42
Q

What is a sinus (bony landmark)?

A

A sinus is a hollow space within the skull, and there are many sinuses found in the skull.

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