WEEK 1: Terminology Flashcards
Differentiate between anatomy and physiology
Anatomy = is the study of the structure of the body
i.e., a blood vessel is circular, surrounded by layer of endothelial cells with small caps between them.
Physiology = the study of how body structures function
i.e., the gaps between the endothelial cells permits the fusion of small ions and molecules in/out of the blood vessel.
What are planes?
Planes are 2D slices through a 3D space.
They are used to divide the body.
3 PLANES = sagittal, frontal (coronal) and transverse.
What is the sagittal plane?
A vertical line that divides the body into left and right sections.
Produces forward and backwards movements (flexion/ extension).
What is the frontal plane?
A vertical line that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Produces sideways movements (abduction/ adduction).
What is the transverse plane?
A horizontal line that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections.
Produces rotational movements (can be opposite or same side rotation).
Anterior
Pertaining to the front of the body i.e., the kneecap is on front of the leg.
Posterior
Pertaining to the back of the body. I.e., shoulder blades sit on the posterior.
Superior
Higher than another point of reference i.e., the head is superior to the feet.
Inferior
Lower than another point of reference i.e., the feet are inferior to head.
Proximal
Relatively near a point of origin or attachment i.e., the shoulder is closer to the trunk and so it is proximal to the hand.
Distal
Relatively distant from a point of origin or attachment i.e., the hand is distal to the shoulder.
Medial
Toward the middle of the body i.e., the nose medial to the ears.
Lateral
Away from the middle of the body i.e., the ears are lateral to the nose.
Superifical
Relatively close to the body surface i.e., the skin is superficial, or the ribs are superficial to the lungs.
Deep
Relatively far from the body surface i.e., deep stab wound.
Prone
Describing a reclining body, face down i.e., your face is face down in a plank position.
Supine
Describing a reclining body, face up i.e., sunbaking on your back on beach.
What are the three different regions of the body?
- cranial cavity
- thoracic cavity
- abdominopelvic cavity
What is the cranial cavity?
Formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain.
Vertebral canal = formed by the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves.
What is the thoracic cavity?
Contains the heart and lungs.
Pleural cavity = surrounds the lungs (pleura = serous membrane of cavity)
Pericardial cavity = surrounds the heart (pericardium = serous membrane of cavity)
Mediastinum = central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs and extends from sternum to vertebral column and from rib to diaphragm (contains heart, thymus, oesophagus, trachea, blood vessels).
What is the abdominopelvic cavity?
This cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm.
Abdominal cavity (highest cavity) = contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine and most of large intestion (peritoneum = serous membrane of cavity).
Pelvic cavity = bladder, some large intestine, internal reproductive organs.
What is the anatomical reference position?
- standing upright
- arms by the side
- palms forward
- feet slightly apart and parallel
What is a root of a word?
Primary meaning of word
What is a suffix of a word?
End of the word that gives meaning i.e., cite (mature cell) – an osteocyte is a mature muscle cell, a myocyte is a mature muscle cell.
