Week 3 Flashcards
Nervous Control, Parts of the Brain, Neurons, Endocrine System
What is the role and function of the nervous system?
Control and coordinate the functioning of the body. Receive information from the sensory neuron, process information by the brain and spinal cord and respond by an effector (muscle/gland)
What is the sensory receptor of the ear?
Mechanoreceptors
What is the sensory receptor of the eye?
Photoreceptors
What is the sensory receptor of the nose?
Chemoreceptors
What is the sensory receptor of the tongue?
Chemoreceptors
What is the sensory receptor of the skin?
Thermoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Pain Receptors
What are the stimuli of the ear?
Sound
What are the stimuli of the eye?
Light
What are the stimuli of the tongue?
chemicals
What are the stimuli of the nose?
chemicals
What are the stimuli of the skin?
temperature, touch, movement, pain
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
Control center of the body that processes incoming messages from the environment.
What parts of the body relate to the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Carries information to and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
Has somatic and autonomous
What is the somatic nervous system?
controls voluntary skeletal movements
What is the autonomous nervous system?
controls involuntary actions, which occur without conscious control.
Has sympathetic and parasympathetic
What does sympathetic mean in the nervous system?
Fight, flight or freeze in the body
What does parasympathetic mean in the nervous system?
rest and digest. conserve and restore
What is the reflex arc?
an involuntary and instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
What does the sensory neuron do?
carry messages from receptors to spinal cord.
What does the interneuron do?
Interneuron sends two messages: one to the brain and one to the muscles via a motor neuron
What is the cerebrum and what are the 4 labels it’s divided into?
Associated with higher thinking orders.
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
What is the Frontal lobe?
deals with emotions, reasoning, movement, and problem-solving
What is the Parietal lobe?
Manages the perception of Senses
What is the Temporal lobe?
deals with the recognition of sounds and smells
What is the Occipital lobe?
responsible for vision
What is the cerebellum?
responsible for movement, balance, and coordination
What is the brain stem?
connects the brain to the spinal cord and contains the medulla oblongata.
What is the medulla oblongata?
controls automatic functions such as breathing and digestion.
What is the pons?
assists in automatic functions such as breathing, sleep, and arousal.
What is the midbrain?
contains areas that receive and process sensory information, such as a movement and vision.
What is the thalamus?
processes and carries messages for sensory information to the cortex.
What is the role of neurons?
The basic unit of the nervous system. A cell that carries electrical impulses.
what do dendrites do?
Receive stimuli
What does the nerve cell body do?
At nucleus transmits the stimuli
What do the axons do?
Transmits the impulse to another dendrite
What is the myelin sheath?
Fatty, insulating layer, allows nerve impulses to travel faster
What is the axon terminal?
Found at the end of the neuron, release chemicals which carry the message to the next neuron
What is the cell body?
The main part of a cell that contains the nucleus/genetic material
What is the synapse?
The small gap between two neurons that must be crossed by neurotransmitters (chemical messengers)
What is the role of the endocrine?
A system of glands that secrete different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream or surrounding tissues.
What are hormones?
Chemical messages which travel through the bloodstream they communicate with the body by heading toward the target cell to bring about a change or effect to the cell
Works together with the nervous system and immune system to help the body cope with stress and changes
What are the 6 parts of the endocrine system?
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Pancreas
- Ovaries
- Testes
What is the function of the Pituitary gland and where is it located?
Control other glands and body growth. “Master gland”
Located base of the brain, below the hypothalamus
What is the function of the Thyroid gland and where is it located?
Controls the rate that food is turned into energy. “Metabolism”
Located in front of the neck below the larynx
What is the function of the Pancreas and where is it located?
Controls the body’s use of glucose
Located just below the kidneys, near the stomach
What are the two hormones of the pituitary gland?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the hormone of the pancreas?
Insulin
What is the target organ/cells for the pituitary gland?
Thyroid Gland (TSH)
Nephrons - Kidney (ADH)
What is the target organ/cell for the pancreas?
Most cells
What are the main effects of the pituitary gland?
Secrets hormones from the thyroid gland (TSH)
Increases the amount of water reabsorbed (ADH)
What are the main effects of pancreas?
Stimulates uptake of glucose; lowers blood glucose level
What is the basic role of homeostasis?
The process for maintaining an internal “steady state” in an organism. The aim is to keep internal conditions within a narrow range or SETPOINT.
In homeostasis, what happens if conditions change from a set point?
Organism may die
In homeostasis, what do effectors do?
help the body to respond in ways to reset the balance, returning the conditions to normal levels.
What is the feedback loop?
It helps maintain homeostasis. Negative feedback occurs when the response acts to oppose the initial change.
How does it maintain blood sugar in relation to the nervous system?
The autonomic division of the nervous system modulates the release of insulin and glucagon
