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Science Term 4 Bio > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

Nervous Control, Parts of the Brain, Neurons, Endocrine System

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the role and function of the nervous system?

A

Control and coordinate the functioning of the body. Receive information from the sensory neuron, process information by the brain and spinal cord and respond by an effector (muscle/gland)

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2
Q

What is the sensory receptor of the ear?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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3
Q

What is the sensory receptor of the eye?

A

Photoreceptors

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4
Q

What is the sensory receptor of the nose?

A

Chemoreceptors

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5
Q

What is the sensory receptor of the tongue?

A

Chemoreceptors

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6
Q

What is the sensory receptor of the skin?

A

Thermoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Pain Receptors

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7
Q

What are the stimuli of the ear?

A

Sound

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8
Q

What are the stimuli of the eye?

A

Light

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9
Q

What are the stimuli of the tongue?

A

chemicals

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10
Q

What are the stimuli of the nose?

A

chemicals

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11
Q

What are the stimuli of the skin?

A

temperature, touch, movement, pain

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12
Q

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

Control center of the body that processes incoming messages from the environment.

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13
Q

What parts of the body relate to the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A

Carries information to and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Has somatic and autonomous

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15
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

controls voluntary skeletal movements

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16
Q

What is the autonomous nervous system?

A

controls involuntary actions, which occur without conscious control.

Has sympathetic and parasympathetic

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17
Q

What does sympathetic mean in the nervous system?

A

Fight, flight or freeze in the body

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18
Q

What does parasympathetic mean in the nervous system?

A

rest and digest. conserve and restore

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19
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

an involuntary and instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

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20
Q

What does the sensory neuron do?

A

carry messages from receptors to spinal cord.

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21
Q

What does the interneuron do?

A

Interneuron sends two messages: one to the brain and one to the muscles via a motor neuron

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22
Q

What is the cerebrum and what are the 4 labels it’s divided into?

A

Associated with higher thinking orders.

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

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23
Q

What is the Frontal lobe?

A

deals with emotions, reasoning, movement, and problem-solving

24
Q

What is the Parietal lobe?

A

Manages the perception of Senses

25
Q

What is the Temporal lobe?

A

deals with the recognition of sounds and smells

26
Q

What is the Occipital lobe?

A

responsible for vision

27
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

responsible for movement, balance, and coordination

28
Q

What is the brain stem?

A

connects the brain to the spinal cord and contains the medulla oblongata.

29
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

controls automatic functions such as breathing and digestion.

30
Q

What is the pons?

A

assists in automatic functions such as breathing, sleep, and arousal.

31
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

contains areas that receive and process sensory information, such as a movement and vision.

32
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

processes and carries messages for sensory information to the cortex.

33
Q

What is the role of neurons?

A

The basic unit of the nervous system. A cell that carries electrical impulses.

34
Q

what do dendrites do?

A

Receive stimuli

35
Q

What does the nerve cell body do?

A

At nucleus transmits the stimuli

36
Q

What do the axons do?

A

Transmits the impulse to another dendrite

37
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

Fatty, insulating layer, allows nerve impulses to travel faster

38
Q

What is the axon terminal?

A

Found at the end of the neuron, release chemicals which carry the message to the next neuron

39
Q

What is the cell body?

A

The main part of a cell that contains the nucleus/genetic material

40
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The small gap between two neurons that must be crossed by neurotransmitters (chemical messengers)

41
Q

What is the role of the endocrine?

A

A system of glands that secrete different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream or surrounding tissues.

42
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messages which travel through the bloodstream they communicate with the body by heading toward the target cell to bring about a change or effect to the cell
Works together with the nervous system and immune system to help the body cope with stress and changes

43
Q

What are the 6 parts of the endocrine system?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
44
Q

What is the function of the Pituitary gland and where is it located?

A

Control other glands and body growth. “Master gland”

Located base of the brain, below the hypothalamus

45
Q

What is the function of the Thyroid gland and where is it located?

A

Controls the rate that food is turned into energy. “Metabolism”

Located in front of the neck below the larynx

46
Q

What is the function of the Pancreas and where is it located?

A

Controls the body’s use of glucose

Located just below the kidneys, near the stomach

47
Q

What are the two hormones of the pituitary gland?

A 
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
48
Q

What is the hormone of the pancreas?

A

Insulin

49
Q

What is the target organ/cells for the pituitary gland?

A

Thyroid Gland (TSH)

Nephrons - Kidney (ADH)

50
Q

What is the target organ/cell for the pancreas?

A

Most cells

51
Q

What are the main effects of the pituitary gland?

A

Secrets hormones from the thyroid gland (TSH)

Increases the amount of water reabsorbed (ADH)

52
Q

What are the main effects of pancreas?

A

Stimulates uptake of glucose; lowers blood glucose level

53
Q

What is the basic role of homeostasis?

A

The process for maintaining an internal “steady state” in an organism. The aim is to keep internal conditions within a narrow range or SETPOINT.

54
Q

In homeostasis, what happens if conditions change from a set point?

A

Organism may die

55
Q

In homeostasis, what do effectors do?

A

help the body to respond in ways to reset the balance, returning the conditions to normal levels.

56
Q

What is the feedback loop?

A

It helps maintain homeostasis. Negative feedback occurs when the response acts to oppose the initial change.

57
Q

How does it maintain blood sugar in relation to the nervous system?

A

The autonomic division of the nervous system modulates the release of insulin and glucagon

Science Term 4 Bio (2 decks)

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