Ecosystems and Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Ecology

A

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.

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2
Q

Define ecosystems

A

A system formed by a group of living things interacting with each other and their non-living surroundings. Can vary in size as long as they are self-sustaining

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3
Q

What are the 3 main concepts ecosystems are split into?

A

o Physical surroundings, such as rocks soil water
o Living organisms
o Living and non-living factors that make up the environment
(Biotic and Abiotic)

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4
Q

Define habitat

A

A habitat is a place where the population of organisms lives. They can vary in size depending on the amount of food, water, and shelter they provide

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5
Q

Define population

A

A group of living organism that are the same species, living in the same place at the same time

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6
Q

What is it called when organisms interact with each other?

A

Community

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7
Q

What happens if a habitat does not supply all of the needs for the organisms?

A

they will move to another or die out

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8
Q

What are some abiotic factors/examples?

A

o Non-living factors
o Examples: water, air quality, amount of light, temperature, wind, soil type, the humidity of the air, tides, waves, lightning, and fires.

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9
Q

What are some biotic factors/examples?

A

o Living factors

o Examples: predators, fungi, parasites, infectious organisms, competitors and collaborators.

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10
Q

Define competition

A

This occurs between members of the same species. This occurs when organisms need the same resource and there is a limited amount of it.

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11
Q

What is an example of competition

A

Many animals establish territories to ensure they have enough food, nestling places, shelter, water and other resources

Animals defend their territory by attacking competing animals that enter.

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12
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Two organisms live closely together to benefit each other.

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13
Q

What is an example of mutualism?

A

cleaner shrimp and fish. Cleaner shrimp clean the parasites off the bodies of other fish by eating them so both fish benefit.

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14
Q

What is commensalism?

A

One organism benefit and the other is unharmed.

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15
Q

What is an example of commensalism?

A

Clown fish and anemone. The clown fish feed on left-over food caught by the anemone, so they do not compete with the anemone or provide the anemone with any benefit.

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16
Q

What is parasitism?

A

Parasites are organisms that live on or in another organism and feed off it. Usually harms the host, rarely kills it.

17
Q

What is an example of parasitism?

A

tapeworms cannot survive inside humans without the organism in which it lives.

18
Q

Define predation?

A

When one organism kills and eats another, the attacker is called the predator and the one being eaten is called the prey

19
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

the conversion of light energy into chemical energy using the chlorophyll of plants

20
Q

How does photosynthesis work?

A

o Leaves of plants absorb CO2 from the air, roots absorb H20 = glucose + oxygen.
o Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

21
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

o Green colour in leaves

o Can absorb energy from sunlight

22
Q

What happens when sunlight falls on chlorophyll?

A

o When sunlight falls on cells containing chlorophyll, the cells start making sugar
o Used to make proteins, fats and vitamins for the plant

23
Q

What is cell respiration?

A

Process of using oxygen to burn glucose and convert it into energy that the cell can use.

24
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

Eats Meat

25
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

Eats Plants

26
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

Eats both meat and plants

27
Q

What is a food web?

A

Diagram that represents the way energy is transferred from producer to consumer in an ecosystem.

A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

28
Q

In a pyramid of biomass how much energy gets passed on?

A

-Only 10% of energy passed on to the next

trophic level