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Unit 10 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phases of the mestrual cycle?

A

Mensturation, proliferative, luteal

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2
Q

What is the time frame for menstrauation and what occurs during this phase?

A

Days 1-7, endometrial lining sloughs and bleeding begins

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3
Q

What is the time frame for the proliferative phase and what occurs during this phase?

A

Days 7-14, increase estrogen level, ovulation occurs

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4
Q

What is the time frame for the luteal phase and what occurs during this phase?

A

Days 14-28, estrogen and progestone are secreted to thicken the endometrial lining

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5
Q

What are the major hormones involved in pregnancy?

A

Estrogen, relaxin, progesterone

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6
Q

What is the role of estrogen?

A

Increase the size of the breast and uterus

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7
Q

What is the role of relaxin?

A

Inhibit uterine contactions, softens cervix, relaxes ligaments of pelvis and other joints during pregnancy

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8
Q

What is the role of progesterone?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation of the uterus and GI tract

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9
Q

Define gravida

A

Number of pregnancies

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10
Q

Define para

A

Number of live births

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11
Q

What vascular changes occur during pregnancy?

A

Increased venous pressure in lower limbs, supine hypotension syndrome

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12
Q

When does supine hypotension occur?

A

2nd and 3rd trimesters

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13
Q

Briefly describe supine hypotension

A

IVC occluded while lying in supine. Blood flow compromised to mother (SOB, dizziness)

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14
Q

What should you do as a PT if a mother starts exhibiting symptoms of supine hypotension?

A

Rotate her to her left side

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15
Q

Define striae gravdarum

A

Stretch marks

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16
Q

What nerve is involved with meralgia paresthetica?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve

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17
Q

What trimester does meralgia paresthetica generally occur during?

A

3rd trimester

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18
Q

What is meralgia paresthetica?

A

Entrapment of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve between inguinal ligament and enlarging abdomen

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19
Q

What are the symptoms associated with meralgia paresthetica?

A

Paresthesia of lateral thigh

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20
Q

What is the recommended exercise dose for a pregnant woman

A

30 minutes/day

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21
Q

What are some medical red flags that are absolute contraindications to exercise?

A

Heart disease, lung disease, incompetent cervix, twins with risk for premature labor, persistent bleeding, placenta previa (after 26 weeks), ruptured membrane, pre-eclampsia

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22
Q

Compare and contrast braxton hicks and regular contractions

A

Braxton hicks - do not increase in intensity, tightening around suprapubic area
Regular - increase in intensity and closer in time. Felt in abdomen/back

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23
Q

What are the conditions that are considered high risk?

A

Placenta previa, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes

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24
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

Implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus over or near the cervix

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25
What are some signs of pre-eclampsia?
Increased protein levels in urine, HTN >140/>90, after 20 weeks of gestation, rapid fluid retention
26
What RPE do you want to shoot for for someone with gestational diabetes?
11-13/20
27
What are the levels of perineal tear?
1st - skin, superficial muscles 2nd - extends through perineum 3rd - tear to ext anal sphincter 4th - tear into EAS and possible IAS
28
How long does it take patients to be cleared for exercise post-partum?
6-8 weeks
29
When is relaxin detectable post-conception?
14 days
30
When are relaxin levels most elevated?
12-17 weeks
31
What is a normal weight gain during a pregnancy?
25-35lbs
32
What are the major postural changes that occur with pregnancy?
Forward head, forward shoulders, lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt, hip ER, knee hyperextension, foot pronation
33
What are some major muscles that are shortened during pregnancy?
Hip flexors, hips rotators, back extensors
34
What is normal separation for diastasis recti abdominis?
Less than 2 fingers
35
Where is diastasis recti first evident? What about 2nd and 3rd?
At umbilicus first. Above umbilicus, then below umbilicus.
36
When should diastasis recti be reversed post-partum
4-6 weeks
37
Define macrosomia
Baby more than 8 lbs
38
What are the 3 key factors that contribute to LBP in post-partum women?
Abdominal sagittal diameter, abdominal transverse diameter, depth of lumbar lordosis
39
When does SIJD and pelvic girdle pain generally occur during pregnancy?
1st trimester (due to relaxin)
40
What exacerbates pubic sympthesis pain?
Walking, unilateral stance, stair climbing, rolling in bed, transitions
41
When does pubic symphtesis generally occur?
3rd trimester
42
What are the best positions for a pregnant lady
Side-lying, quadruped, supine (on wedge!)
43
What are some good tests to look at when evaluating a pregnant lady in standing?
Trendelenburg, standing flexion, stork
44
What are some good tests to look at when evaluating a pregnant lady in supine?
Piriformis test, FABER, SLR, thigh thrust, hip scour, palpation of PS, hip flexion strength, compression/distraction
45
What is a sacral thrust?
PA pressure on sacrum (do base, middle, and apex)
46
What are some possible benefits of alternate birthing positions?
Dec 2nd stage of labor, dec likelihood of assisted delivery, dec likelihood of episitomy
47
Where is the appropirate positioning for an SI belt?
Below ASIS, at greater troch
48
When is an SI belt worn?
WB activities and when pt has pain
49
If you have an anterior rotation dysfunction, which muscle group should you be using in a MET?
Extensors (trying to rotate posteriorly)
50
If you have a posterior rotation dysfunction, which muscle group should you be using in a MET?
Flexors (trying to rotate anteriorly)
51
For pubic symphysis treatment, which muscle group should you use during MET to realign the joint?
Adductors
52
What is the proper dosage for pelvic floor muscle exercises?
5-10 reps, 2-3x/day to start. Then move to 25-50 reps, 2-3x/day
53
What are the highest sensitivity tests for PGP?
Active SLR, posterior thigh thrust, lunge
54
What are the highest sensitivity tests for SIJ?
FABER, posterior thigh thrust, menell's test
55
What are the highest sensitivity tests for PS pain?
Trendelenburg, palpation of PS
56
One study noted a thicker TA in patients with PGP. What is one explination of this?
They have plenty of strength but no motor control (need a timely contraction not a large one)
57
What is the most common reason for worker's comp injury in PA?
Overexertion or bodily reaction
58
What is the most common area injured in PA (worker's comp)
UE (followed by LE and trunk)
59
What is the breakdown of total cost paid in worker's comp in PA?
Half wages and half medical costs
60
What is the purpose of the PA state worker's comp bureau?
Pay out money for injuries and medical benefits and prevent injuries
61
What are some examples of things that are covered by worker's comp?
Injury illness or disease caused by work duty, occupational disease if caused or aggravated by employment, reasonable cost for surgery, medication, hospital services etc.
62
What are some examples of things not covered by worker's comp?
Self-inflicted injury, employee violation of law
63
How much money from worker's comp to patients get as wage-loss payments?
2/3 of average weekly pay with a max of 1049
64
When does wage-loss payments kick in for workers in PA?
After being out of work for 14 days, retroactive pay is initiated for first 7 days
65
How long after an injury or disease exposure does a worker have to file a claim?
120 days after injury, 300 days after last employment where hazard was
66
When do worker's comp benefits stop?
When wages are equal or greater than before injury, employer/insurance doesn't accept claim, employee signs final receipt, offer of employment
67
In worker's comp, the employee is entitled to monthly reports on patient progress. What is included in these reports?
Attendance, progress, prognosis/return to work (only for current course of current injury!)
68
What is the PTs role in worker's comp?
Prevention, communication, documentation, modified duty programs, plan (for return to work), evaluate
69
What are the benefits of having a safety committee as an employer?
5% reduction in workers comp
70
What must a safety committee have?
2 employer and 2 employee members, meet monthly, be in operation for at least 6 mo, be trained in safety committee operation hazard inspection and accident investigations
71
What is the best way to control indemnity cost?
Sustainable return to work
72
What are the main roles of a PT in worker's comp?
Prevention, communication, documentation, modified duty, plan return to work

Unit 10 (7 decks)

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