Lab

Question 1

When starting the LQS, what do you want to observe on the patient in standing?

Answer 1

Symmetry, lateral shift, lordosis, muscle atrophy, facial expression, thoracic kyphosis

Question 2

What does a hairy patch on a patients back possibly indicate?

Answer 2

Spina bifida

Question 3

What might observed muscle atrophy on a patient’s back indicate?

Answer 3

Ankylosing spondylitis, tuberculosis, myopathy

Question 4

How is a lateral shift named?

Answer 4

In the direction of the shoulders

Question 5

If you observe a lateral shift on a patient, what is the first question you should ask?

Answer 5

Is this your normal posture or is this a new way of standing for you?

Question 6

How do you measure lumbar flexion AROM?

Answer 6

Have subject lean over and try to touch the floor. Measure from the tip of longest finger to the ground

Question 7

How do you measure lumbar extension AROM?

Answer 7

Goni axis through hip, stationary on thigh, moveable bisecting upper body

Question 8

How do you quantify L-spine rotation

Answer 8

As a percentage (25% 50% 75% or full)

Question 9

What is modified schober technique?

Answer 9

Better way of measuring extension. Make dots on PSIS and then 10cm above and 5cm below. Have them flex and measure between dots.

Question 10

How do you test L4 myotome?

Answer 10

Heel walk

Question 11

How do you test S1 myotome?

Answer 11

toe walk

Question 12

How do you test S1-S2 myotome?

Answer 12

Knee flexion

Question 13

How do you test L5 myotome?

Answer 13

Great toe extension

Question 14

How do you test L3,L4 myotome?

Answer 14

Knee extension

Question 15

How do you test T7-T12 myotome?

Answer 15

Trunk flexion

Question 16

How do you test L1, 2, 3 myotome?

Answer 16

Hop flexion

Question 17

Describe the dermatomes on the sensory assessment of the LQS

Answer 17

L1 - groin 
L2 - anteromedial thigh 
L3 - medial knee 
L4 - ant knee, med leg, med foot
L5 - dorsum of foot, lat top of foot
S1 - lat and plantar foot, post lat leg
S2 - posteromedial thigh
S3-5 - saddle area

Question 18

What are the components of the functional strength assessment of the LQS?

Answer 18

Heel walking, toe walking, deep squat, unilateral squat (L3-L4)

Question 19

What are the special tests seen on the LQS?

Answer 19

SLR, slump, sign of the buttock, SIJ compression, PA pressures, prone instability, modified thomas, obers, FABER, FADIR, vascular

Question 20

What pulses should you potentially look at as part of the LQS?

Answer 20

Dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial artery

Question 21

Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse located?

Answer 21

Lateral to extensor tendon of great toe

Question 22

Where is the posterior tibial artery pulse located?

Answer 22

Behind medial malleolus

Question 23

What is the sign of the buttock test?

Answer 23

SLR until pain is reproduced, back off a little and flex knee. Then try to flex hip more. Positive sign is if it won’t move

Question 24

What deep tendon reflexes should be examined as part of the LQS?

Answer 24

Knee jerk (L3, L4), ankle jerk (S1), hamstring jerk (S1, S2)

Question 25

How much force can the spine withstand without muscle involvement?

Answer 25

20lbs

Question 26

What tests should you preform to evaluate someone for instability?

Answer 26

Prone instability, passive lumbar extension, abberent movement or instability catch

Question 27

What is a good progression for stabilization exercises in supine?

Answer 27

single arm raise, double arm raise, single bent knee leg raise, opposite arm + bent leg raise, SLR

Question 28

What is a good progression for stabilization exercises in standing?

Answer 28

Unilateral arms, bilateral arms, reciprocal arms, march, alt arm to knee front and alt arm to heel behind, forward/backward lunge, hip hinge functional squat, pivot

Question 29

What are some good positions to do stabilization exercises in?

Answer 29

Supine, prone, bridging, quadruped, sitting, kneeling, standing, transitions, plant, side plant

Question 30

How do you figure out which spinal level to mobilize?

Answer 30

Can go off appropriate nerve root if they have distal symptoms but generally just go off symptom response (look for centralization)

Question 31

What is the MDT flexion principle?

Answer 31

Flexion in lying, flexion in sitting, flexion in standing, flexion in lying with clinician over pressure

Question 32

How do you do flexion in step standing?

Answer 32

Leg contralateral to deviation is up on chair. Patient brings shoulders to raised knee. Restores lordosis between reps

Question 33

What part of the stethoscope should you use to ausculatate bruits?

Answer 33

Bell

Question 34

What is rebound tenderness used to test for?

Answer 34

Appendicitis/peritonitis

Question 35

What is the PSOAS sign?

Answer 35

Used for appendicitis/peritonitis. Hand on patients thigh above flexed right knee. Ask them to raise against your hand

Question 36

What is the obturator sign?

Answer 36

For appendicitis peritonitis. Flex patient's right thigh and internally rotate hip. Ask about presence and location of pain

Question 37

What is murphy's sign?

Answer 37

Test for gallbladder. Hook fingers under costal margin, ask patient to take a deep breath, look for sudden stop in inspiratory effort

Question 38

What is CVA tenderness?

Answer 38

Used to assess renal disease. Place ball of one hand in costovertebral angle and strike it with the surface of the other hand

Question 39

When might you use flexion-distraction in sidelying?

Answer 39

A patient with a derangement with a flexion preference or someone with a flexion dysfunction