Week 3

Question 1

What is a Neurodevelopment disorder?

Answer 1

A conditions with onset during the developmental period of a persons life

Question 2

Why is it difficult to diagnose Down syndrome, ASD and intellectual disability?

Answer 2

All of these disorders express attention difficulties so it is difficlt to distinguish between them.

Question 3

When does onset of ADHD occure and how long does it last?

Answer 3

Begining in early childhood this NDD continues into adulthood.

Question 4

List three main symptoms of ADHD

Answer 4

Inattention, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity

Question 5

What is the DSM-V criteria for diagnosing ADHD

Answer 5

There must be 6 or more symptoms of Inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity present for at least 6 months before the age of 12 in 2 or more settting.

Question 6

True or false, ADHD is 2 times more common in boys

Answer 6

False, it is three times more common.

Question 7

Why is it difficult to diagnose young children with ADHD

Answer 7

Becuase children this young show varying appropriate behaviour. It is only during school that impairments become obvious.

Question 8

What types of symptoms to adults diagnosed with ADHD display

Answer 8

They may be restless, have poor attention and planning skills and be impulsive.

Question 9

Why is attention considered to be so detrimental to development

Answer 9

It is a fundamental building block for cognitve development, behavioural regulation and academic success

Question 10

Why is ADHD belived to be heritable

Answer 10

70-80% of twins, or those adopted at birth meet the criteria for ADHD.

Question 11

which NND is characterised by Lowered activation, volume, grey matter denisty and delayed cortical maturation are all factors associated with which NDD

Answer 11

ADHD

Question 12

What are some Psychological practices to help ADHD children improve.

Answer 12

parent teacher training. operant conditioning such as point systems, daily report cards, making sure the teacher undertsands the need of the child and tutoring

Question 13

What is the theory behing cognitive training and how does it help ADHD

Answer 13

When you run, you improve you cardiovascular system, this make you better at running which also helps you do better at many other sports. Cognitive training helps to achive the same thing. If you work on attention it improves, which helps you thrive in many other areas

Question 14

What 3 acts makes up the trade of impairments common is ASD

Answer 14

Social and emtional Disturbance, Communication defecits and Repetative and Ritualisitc Acts.

Question 15

How early do symptoms of ASD arise?

Answer 15

Age 2

Question 16

What is one of the most common symptom of ASD

Answer 16

Avoiding eye contact

Question 17

What are some examples of deficits in social communication typical of someone with ASD

Answer 17

defecits in social emotional reciprocity, nonverbal behaviour and developmental of peer relationships.

Question 18

Describe what eye tracking experiments have shown about ASD children compared to people with Willians syndrome

Answer 18

ASD kids spent more time looking at more of the background of photos as well as the bodies of the poeple in the photos whle kids with williams syndrome spent longest on the face.

Question 19

What does the Sally and Ann marble experiment demonstrate

Answer 19

That children with ASD do not have theory of mind, therefore is is difficult for the to undertsand and relate to others.

Question 20

What do studies focussing on facial expression recognition find about ASD children?

Answer 20

It is difficult for ASD children to recognise expressions from pictures of faces, particularly when just the eyes are visible.

Question 21

What is the prevalence of comorbidity with ASD, which are the most common comorbid disorders?

Answer 21

between 50-72% with depression, anxiety and ADHD most common.

Question 22

How much more likely is it for boys rather than girls to have ASD

Answer 22

5 times more likely

Question 23

Describe the structure and development of the brain in a child with ASD

Answer 23

There are differences in development of the brain, some studies show there is low/no synaptic pruning while others have found differences in connections of the brain.

Question 24

Can vaccines or parenting effect ASD

Answer 24

No, there has been no evidence of this.

Question 25

What is Applied behaviour analysis

Answer 25

ABA - is an intensive operant conditioning style used to help ASD suffered by teaching how to act in certain envioments are rienforcing that behaviour,

Question 26

How effective is medication in ASD?

Answer 26

Not very effective but can be helpful to treat symptoms of cormorbid disorders.

Question 27

How does melatonin effect poeple with ASD?

Answer 27

ASD children tend to struggle with sleep which can increase stress and anxiety. Melatonin is often scarce in their system relative to normal. Providing them with melatonin tablets before bed helps there body signal sleep which in turn reduces anxiety.

Question 28

How are intellectual disabilities diagnosed in the DSM-V.

Answer 28

Onset must occur before 18 years with impariments in both adaptive and intellectual function across conceptutal, social and practical domains.