Week 3 Flashcards
What is a Neurodevelopment disorder?
A conditions with onset during the developmental period of a persons life
Why is it difficult to diagnose Down syndrome, ASD and intellectual disability?
All of these disorders express attention difficulties so it is difficlt to distinguish between them.
When does onset of ADHD occure and how long does it last?
Begining in early childhood this NDD continues into adulthood.
List three main symptoms of ADHD
Inattention, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity
What is the DSM-V criteria for diagnosing ADHD
There must be 6 or more symptoms of Inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity present for at least 6 months before the age of 12 in 2 or more settting.
True or false, ADHD is 2 times more common in boys
False, it is three times more common.
Why is it difficult to diagnose young children with ADHD
Becuase children this young show varying appropriate behaviour. It is only during school that impairments become obvious.
What types of symptoms to adults diagnosed with ADHD display
They may be restless, have poor attention and planning skills and be impulsive.
Why is attention considered to be so detrimental to development
It is a fundamental building block for cognitve development, behavioural regulation and academic success
Why is ADHD belived to be heritable
70-80% of twins, or those adopted at birth meet the criteria for ADHD.
which NND is characterised by Lowered activation, volume, grey matter denisty and delayed cortical maturation are all factors associated with which NDD
ADHD
What are some Psychological practices to help ADHD children improve.
parent teacher training. operant conditioning such as point systems, daily report cards, making sure the teacher undertsands the need of the child and tutoring
What is the theory behing cognitive training and how does it help ADHD
When you run, you improve you cardiovascular system, this make you better at running which also helps you do better at many other sports. Cognitive training helps to achive the same thing. If you work on attention it improves, which helps you thrive in many other areas
What 3 acts makes up the trade of impairments common is ASD
Social and emtional Disturbance, Communication defecits and Repetative and Ritualisitc Acts.
How early do symptoms of ASD arise?
Age 2
What is one of the most common symptom of ASD
Avoiding eye contact
What are some examples of deficits in social communication typical of someone with ASD
defecits in social emotional reciprocity, nonverbal behaviour and developmental of peer relationships.
Describe what eye tracking experiments have shown about ASD children compared to people with Willians syndrome
ASD kids spent more time looking at more of the background of photos as well as the bodies of the poeple in the photos whle kids with williams syndrome spent longest on the face.
What does the Sally and Ann marble experiment demonstrate
That children with ASD do not have theory of mind, therefore is is difficult for the to undertsand and relate to others.
What do studies focussing on facial expression recognition find about ASD children?
It is difficult for ASD children to recognise expressions from pictures of faces, particularly when just the eyes are visible.
What is the prevalence of comorbidity with ASD, which are the most common comorbid disorders?
between 50-72% with depression, anxiety and ADHD most common.
How much more likely is it for boys rather than girls to have ASD
5 times more likely
Describe the structure and development of the brain in a child with ASD
There are differences in development of the brain, some studies show there is low/no synaptic pruning while others have found differences in connections of the brain.
Can vaccines or parenting effect ASD
No, there has been no evidence of this.
What is Applied behaviour analysis
ABA - is an intensive operant conditioning style used to help ASD suffered by teaching how to act in certain envioments are rienforcing that behaviour,
How effective is medication in ASD?
Not very effective but can be helpful to treat symptoms of cormorbid disorders.
How does melatonin effect poeple with ASD?
ASD children tend to struggle with sleep which can increase stress and anxiety. Melatonin is often scarce in their system relative to normal. Providing them with melatonin tablets before bed helps there body signal sleep which in turn reduces anxiety.
How are intellectual disabilities diagnosed in the DSM-V.
Onset must occur before 18 years with impariments in both adaptive and intellectual function across conceptutal, social and practical domains.
