Week 1 Flashcards
What is abnormality?
Maladaptive, disruptive or uncomfortable pattens of thinking, feeling and behaving.
What are the four constructs of a mental disorder?
Dysfunction, violation of social norms, personal distress and disability.
What were the first treatments for mental disorder during the stone age?
excorsisms and Trephination (drilling holes in th skull)
What did people in th stone age believe was the cause of mental disorders?
someone with a mental disorder was belived to have displeased god, or be possessed by evil spirits
What was the veiw of mental disorders held by the Hippocrates ?
Illness was seperate from religion and mental disorders were caused by imbalance of the four humors (Blood, yellow bile, black bile, Phlegm)
List a define 3 mental disorders recognised by the Hippocrates
Mania - periods of excitment and overactivity. Melancholia - deep sadness . Phrenitis - inflamation of the mid resulting in delirium
What was the veiw of mental health in the Middle Ages
Return to spiritual beliefs with many mentally ill people accused of being witches.
The age of assylums followed on from the Middle ages, describe treatment of the mentally ill during this time.
Asylum patients were treated inhumainly. there was little food, care, spread of disease. Patients were often used for experimental procedures
how did they Asylum age end?
a recovered patient of an asylum went on to work in one and took th shackels of patients and treated them humainly.
How did Dorothy Dix contribute to humain treatment of the metally ill within asylums
by putting people in charge of their treatments and showed them that they can take control of their own mental wellbeing.
what are some contempory appraoches to mental health
Mental illnes is the cause of both biological and psychological dysfunction.
What is the germ theory of diease?
A rise in brain damage due to infection of the brain by syphillus demonstrated how infection can alter brain patholgy and lead to changes in behaviour.
What role did Francis Galton play in the treatment of disabled peole?
he persuaded the US to pass a law which prohibited mentally ill people from marriage and reproduction - 45,000 people sterialized.
What is Electoconvulsive Therapy when is it used?
Shock therapy, used as a last resort for serious cases of mental illness.
What are epigenetics?
interaction between genes and the enviroment
What is the biological approach to mental health
disorders arise due to inherited abnormalities
What were Frueds Ideologies?
Childhood shapes adulthood, Unconscious unfulences behaviour, causes and purpose of human behaviours and not always obvious
What is the ICD?
the International Classification of Disease is a diagnostic criteria which aims to diagnose many different syndroms, physical and mental diseases as possible
compare and contrast the ICD and DSM-V
ICD is used for all illnesses while the DCM focusses on mental health. DCM favoured by mental health proffessionals.
What are the downsides of the DSM-V. give 3 examples.
So many diagnosises means that common reactions meet criteria for a disorder. e.g. stress following a traumatic incident meets criteria for an acute stress diagnosis. people with one disorder meet criteria for diagnosis of a second one. Two specialists can diagnose the same patient with different diseases due to overlap of symptoms.
explain the upside to the DSM-V being dimentional rather than catergorical
allows clinicians to undertsand the extend to which a patient is experiencing a symptoms. ‘always, somewhat, never’ is more telling than ‘yes, no’ answers.
