Week 3

Question 1

what is the caudal continuation of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

Anteriorly,
posteriorly and laterally the walls of the pelvic cavity are formed by the bony pelvis and the muscles covering its
internal surface.
Interiorly, the pelvic outlet is largely formed by a muscular diaphragm whose main function is to
retain the contents of the pelvic cavity.
Superficial to the pelvic diaphragm is the region known as the perineum.

Question 2

what does the pelvis look like in anatomical postion

Answer 2

te pelvis lies with the anterior superior iliac spine and the upper margin of the pubic symphysis in
the same vertical plan

Question 3

what are th two hip bones

Answer 3

ilium ischium

Question 4

what is the pectineal line

Answer 4

ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone

Question 5

what does the arteruate line on the ilum form part of

Answer 5

forms part of the border of the pelvic inllet

Question 6

what separates the greater and lesser sciatic

Answer 6

ischial spine

Question 7

which ligaments convert the sciatic

notches into sciatic foramina

Answer 7

The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 8

what are the differences in adaption of th e bony pelvis mf

Answer 8

Typical female pelves are a compromise in adaptation for both childbirth and locomotion while typical male pelves
are adapted primarily for bipedal locomotion.

Question 9

distingusing factos of the male pelvis vs feale

Answer 9

Prominent sacral promontory
 Blunted sacral promontory 
Narrow heart shaped pelvic inlet
 Wide oval-to-round pelvic inlet 
Narrow subpubic angle (<70) 
 Wide subpubic angle/pubic arch (>90o) 
Prominent inwardly pointing ischial spines 
 Blunt outwardly pointing ischial spines 
Concave sacral curvature 
 Flattened sacral curvature

Question 10

what does the obturator nerve supply

Answer 10

(supply for the muscles and skin of the medial compartment of the thigh) a

Question 11

rath of the obturator nerve

Answer 11

It runs in the lateral wall of the pelvis deep to the ovarian fossa where it is located close to the ovary

Question 12

what can irritate the obturator nerve nd what does this lead to

Answer 12

ovarian pathology – giving rise to pain referred to

the upper medial thigh. It exits the pelvis cavity by passing through the obturator canal.

Question 13

what is the pelvic diaphragm and what does it do

Answer 13

It acts to support the pelvic viscera and it is important in resisting the rise in intra-pelvic pressure
that occurs when the abdominal wall muscles contract during expulsive efforts (Valsalva manoeuvre).

Question 14

what forms the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 14

pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus and puborectalis, (collectively called
the levator ani muscle)

and the (ischio)coccygeus muscle (often referred to simply as “coccygeus”) which completes the posterior part of the pelvic diaphragm

Question 15

where do he levotor ani originae

Answer 15

in a continuous line from small areas of

bone anterior and posterior to the attachment of obturator internus, and from the fascia covering it.

Question 16

what is the perineum

Answer 16

The anatomical region inferior to the pelvic diaphragm, the perineum is a diamond-shaped area subdivided into the
anterior urogenital (which contains the vagina or penis) and posterior anal triangles (contains the anus). Deep to the
skin of the anterior (urogenital) triangle are the superficial and deep perineal spaces separated by the perineal
membrane.

Question 17

what is the perineal blody

Answer 17

central tendon of the perineum is a pyramidal
connective tissue structure in the midline at the junction of the
urogenital and anal triangles) essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor


Question 18

what is teh superfical transverse perineal muscles filled with

Answer 18

fat

Question 19

what are the orificies in the pelivc floor

Answer 19

(urethra,

anus and vagina

Question 20

where does the obturator nerve exit

Answer 20

It exits the pelvis cavity by passing through the obturator canal.

Question 21

where does the obturator nerve arise

Answer 21

arises from the ventral primary rami of the 2nd to 4th lumbar spinal nerves.

Question 22

what is the valsava manuver

Answer 22

moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one’s mouth, pinching one’s nose shut while pressing out as if blowing up a balloon.