week 3

Question 1

steatosis

Answer 1

fatty change within the liver

Question 2

acute alcohol drinking - metabolism occurs down the

Answer 2

cytosol route .

Question 3

chronic drinking metabloism

Answer 3

the cytosol metabolism floods and begins to use the other metabolism routes MEOS and peroxisomes

Question 4

ROS promotes

Answer 4

transcription factors of pro inflammatory ctytokines

Question 5

permeability of intestines

Answer 5

translocation of microbial moelcules

chronic degree o lo degrtee of toxicity ,

Question 6

il8

Answer 6

potent attractor of neutrophils

Question 7

2 mqin pathways of apoptosis

Answer 7

intrisic

extrinisic

Question 8

INTRINSIC PATHWAY

Answer 8

• Initiated by Oxidative Stress
• Leads to leakage of proapoptotic
factors from
mitochondria (ie cytochrome-c),
regulated by Bcl-2 proteins
• Pro-apoptotic factors from
mitochondria activate Caspases
leading to cell degradation

Question 9

EXTRINSIC PATHWAY

Answer 9

• Initiated by TNF
• Binding to TNF receptors
leads to Caspase activation
via FADD (Fas-associated
death domain) and TRADD
(TNF Receptor-associated
death domain) proteins

Question 10

malutrition exacerbates

Answer 10

ROS production and promote apoptosis

Question 11

lateral grey horns or only present

Answer 11

in thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Question 12

c fibres

Answer 12

polymodal, respond to mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli

Question 13

three main classes of endogenous opioids

Answer 13

enkephalins,endorphins, dynorphins

Question 14

chiropractor

Answer 14

based on the theory that all disorders can be traced to the incorrect alignment of bones, with consequent malfunctioning of nerves and
muscles throughout the body Æ involves manipulation, mainly of vertebrae

Question 15

osteopaths

Answer 15

is a system of diagnosis and treatment based on the theory that many diseases are associated with disorders of the MSK system Æ involves
palpation, manipulation and massage