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human body > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a cell?

A

The structural and functional unit of life.

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2
Q

What are the three basic parts of a cell?

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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3
Q

Where are the phospholipids located?

A

In the cell membrane

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4
Q

What does semi-permeable membrane mean?

A

It means that only selective substances are allowed to enter and exit the membrane.

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5
Q

What do phospholipids look like?

A

they have a head and a tail

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6
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

the polar head is hydrophilic meaning that it loves water.

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7
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Hydrophobic means a fear of water, non-polar tails are hydrophobic.

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8
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Everything located between the nucleus and cell membrane/

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9
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell, site of ATP synthesis

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10
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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11
Q

Function of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Folding of protein molecules into sacs and thetransport of synthesised proteins

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12
Q

function of golgi apparatus

A

packaging of protein

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13
Q

Function of lysosome

A

intracellular digestion

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14
Q

function of centriole

A

for cell division

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15
Q

funciton of nucleus

A

Control centre, CEO of cell/

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16
Q

What are the three parts of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus

17
Q

What are the two ways to pass a membrane?

A

Passive process- no energy required. active transport- needs energy

18
Q

What is passive process?

A

It’s when substances move from high to low concentration. there are two types; diffusion and osmosis.

19
Q

Explain diffusion

A

Diffusion is when a molecule will actively diffuse through a membrane if it is a lipid, soluble, small enough to pass through or if it’s assisted by carrier molecule.

20
Q

What is the difference between facilitated and simple diffusion?

A

simple diffusion is when a molecule is able to pass through a membrane on its own, whereas facilitated is when a molecule binds to a chemical that makes it change shape and allow it to pass the membrane.

21
Q

Describe osmosis.

A

Osmosis is the movement of solvent, such as water, across a selectively permeable membrane.

22
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

measure of total concentration of solute

23
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

the tendency of water to move into a cell by osmosis.

24
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport requires energy to move from a low to high concentration gradient. It’s involved in the transport of nutrients and ions.

25
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

transporting out of cell.

26
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Transporting INTO cell.

27
Q

What is mitosis?

A

A type of cell division essential for body growth and tissue repair. Cells die and are always replaced.

28
Q

What are the three subphases of mitosis?

A

G1- vigorous growth and metabolism
S1- synthetic- DNA replication occurs
S2- preparation for division

29
Q

What are the mitotic phases?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase and cytokensis.

30
Q

What are the types of primary tissues?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

31
Q

Describe each type of primary tissue’s function.

A

Epithelial- forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs and filters
connective- supports, protects, binds other tissues
muscle- contracts to cause movement
nerve- internal communication

32
Q

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

A

Glandular and covering and lining.

33
Q

What does simple and stratified mean?

A

If there is only one cell layer, it’s simple. If there are more than two layers then it’s stratified.

34
Q

Name for flat cell =

A

squamous

35
Q

Name for cube cell =

A

cubodial

36
Q

name for tall cell =

A

columnar

37
Q

what are the four types of connective tissue?

A

proper, cartilage, bone, blood

human body (4 decks)

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