Week 3 Flashcards
The body compensates for anemia by
Increasing rate and depth of breathing
In some anemias, the erythrocytes are present in various sizes, which is referred to as
anisocytosis
Untreated pernicous anemia is fatal, usually because of
heart failure
The underlying disorder of _____ anemia is defective secretion of intrinsic factor, which is essential for absorption of vitamin B12
pernicious
Symptomss of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of
increased blood viscosity
In hemolytic anemia, jaundice occurs only when
heme destructino exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin
Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkins disease-related Lymphadenopaathy are a result of
pressure and obstruction
Which of the following is a description concitent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) ?
there is a failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins
Which proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for the development and maintenance of DIC?
TNF-a , IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8, and PAF
Which of the following is a description consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) ?
It is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblast in the bone marrow or blood
In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocytes life span is ___ days, whereas the adult is _____ days.
60 to 80, 120
Polycythemia occurs in a fetus because
there is an increased erythropoiesis in response to the hypoxic intrauterine environment
What is the name of the disorder in which levels of billirubin remains excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain?
Kernicterus
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune process involving antibodies against
platelets
The type of anemia that occurs as a result of thalassemia is
microcytic, hypochromic
G6PD and sickle cell disease are
disorders initiated by hypoxemia and acidosis
What changes in veins occur to create varicose veins?
damag to the valves within veins
Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable state for how many minutes?
20
What alterations occures in injured endothelial cells that contributes to atherosclerosis?
they are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis?
angina
The foramen ovale is covered by a flap that creates a check valve allowing blood to flow unidirectionally from the ___ to the ___
right atrium, left atrium
When does systemic vascular resistance in infants begin to rise?
once the placenta is removed from circulation
An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border that transmits to the neck and left lower sternal border with an occasional ejection click?
aortic stenosis
What is the most important clinical manifestation of aortic coarctation in the neonate?
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome?
ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
What is the primary mechanism of atherogenesis?
the release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
In systolic heart faiure, what effect does angiotensis II have on the stroke volume?
increases preload and increases afterload
What is the most common cardiac disorder associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resulting from myocarditis and infective endocarditis?
dilated cardiomyopathy
Hemophilia B is caused by clotting factor ___ deficiency
IX
The sickle cell trait differs form sickle cell disease in that the child with sickle cell trait
injerited normal hemoglobin A form one parent and Hb S form the other parent, whereas the child with sickle cell disease has Hb S form both parents
What change is seen in leukocytes during an allergic disorder (type I) often caused by asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions?
eosinophilia
What is the most common cause of vitamin K deficiency?
total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with antibiotic therapy
Pernicious anemia generally requires continued therapy lasting
the rest of ones life
A woman complains of chronic gastritis, fatigue, weight loss, and tingling in her fingers, laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and a high mean corpuscular volume. These findings are consistent with ______ anemia.
pernicious
Which anemia produces small, pale erythrocytes?
pernicious
