Week 3

Question 1

The body compensates for anemia by

Answer 1

Increasing rate and depth of breathing

Question 2

In some anemias, the erythrocytes are present in various sizes, which is referred to as

Answer 2

anisocytosis

Question 3

Untreated pernicous anemia is fatal, usually because of

Answer 3

heart failure

Question 4

The underlying disorder of _____ anemia is defective secretion of intrinsic factor, which is essential for absorption of vitamin B12

Answer 4

pernicious

Question 5

Symptomss of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of

Answer 5

increased blood viscosity

Question 6

In hemolytic anemia, jaundice occurs only when

Answer 6

heme destructino exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin

Question 7

Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkins disease-related Lymphadenopaathy are a result of

Answer 7

pressure and obstruction

Question 8

Which of the following is a description concitent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) ?

Answer 8

there is a failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins

Question 9

Which proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for the development and maintenance of DIC?

Answer 9

TNF-a , IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8, and PAF

Question 10

Which of the following is a description consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) ?

Answer 10

It is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblast in the bone marrow or blood

Question 11

In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocytes life span is ___ days, whereas the adult is _____ days.

Answer 11

60 to 80, 120

Question 12

Polycythemia occurs in a fetus because

Answer 12

there is an increased erythropoiesis in response to the hypoxic intrauterine environment

Question 13

What is the name of the disorder in which levels of billirubin remains excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain?

Answer 13

Kernicterus

Question 14

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune process involving antibodies against

Answer 14

platelets

Question 15

The type of anemia that occurs as a result of thalassemia is

Answer 15

microcytic, hypochromic

Question 16

G6PD and sickle cell disease are

Answer 16

disorders initiated by hypoxemia and acidosis

Question 17

What changes in veins occur to create varicose veins?

Answer 17

damag to the valves within veins

Question 18

Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable state for how many minutes?

Answer 18

20

Question 19

What alterations occures in injured endothelial cells that contributes to atherosclerosis?

Answer 19

they are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines

Question 20

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis?

Answer 20

angina

Question 21

The foramen ovale is covered by a flap that creates a check valve allowing blood to flow unidirectionally from the ___ to the ___

Answer 21

right atrium, left atrium

Question 22

When does systemic vascular resistance in infants begin to rise?

Answer 22

once the placenta is removed from circulation

Question 23

An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

Answer 23

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Question 24

Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border that transmits to the neck and left lower sternal border with an occasional ejection click?

Answer 24

aortic stenosis

Question 25

What is the most important clinical manifestation of aortic coarctation in the neonate?

Answer 25

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 26

Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome?

Answer 26

ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus

Question 27

What is the primary mechanism of atherogenesis?

Answer 27

the release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

Question 28

In systolic heart faiure, what effect does angiotensis II have on the stroke volume?

Answer 28

increases preload and increases afterload

Question 29

What is the most common cardiac disorder associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resulting from myocarditis and infective endocarditis?

Answer 29

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 30

Hemophilia B is caused by clotting factor ___ deficiency

Answer 30

IX

Question 31

The sickle cell trait differs form sickle cell disease in that the child with sickle cell trait

Answer 31

injerited normal hemoglobin A form one parent and Hb S form the other parent, whereas the child with sickle cell disease has Hb S form both parents

Question 32

What change is seen in leukocytes during an allergic disorder (type I) often caused by asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions?

Answer 32

eosinophilia

Question 33

What is the most common cause of vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 33

total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with antibiotic therapy

Question 34

Pernicious anemia generally requires continued therapy lasting

Answer 34

the rest of ones life

Question 35

A woman complains of chronic gastritis, fatigue, weight loss, and tingling in her fingers, laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and a high mean corpuscular volume. These findings are consistent with ______ anemia.

Answer 35

pernicious

Question 36

Which anemia produces small, pale erythrocytes?

Answer 36

pernicious