Week 3 Flashcards
cytosol
semifluid, jelly-like substance in which sub-cellular components are suspended
eukaryotic
“true nucleus”
eu-
(Greek) true
-karyon
(Greek) kernel, referring to the nucleus
prokaryotic
“before nucleus”
cytoplasm
interior of the cell, between the nucleus and plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells, everywhere within the prokaryotic cell BUT is organized into sections
plasma membrane
selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the cell
mitochondria
(sing mitochondrion) the sites of cellular respiration, the metabolic process that uses oxygen to drive the generation of ATP, by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels
chloroplasts
found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis. Converts solar energy to chemical energy by absorbing sunlight and using it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds such as sugars from carbon dioxide and water
mitochondrial matrix
within inner-membrane, contains various enzymes and the DNA and ribosomes
thylakoids
a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
granum
layers/stacks of thylakoids
stroma
fluid outside thylakoids, contains chloroplast’s DNA, enzymes, and ribosomes
cell cycle
the life of a cell from the time it is first formed during division of a parent cell to its own division into two daughter cells
chroma-
(Greek) color
soma
(Greek) body
chromatin
entire complex of DNA and proteins that make up a chromsome
somatic cells
any cells of the body except sperm and egg cells
gametes
sperm and egg cells
sister chropmatids
joined copies of the original chromosome
centromere
a region of the chromosomal DNA where the chromatid is attached most closely to its sister chromatid
Mitosis
division of the genetic material in the nucleus
cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm
life cycle
of organisms, conception to production of its own offspring
