Viruses Flashcards
virus
an infectious particle consisting of little more than genes packaged in a protein coat
capsid
the protein shell enclosing the viral genome
viral envelope
derived from the membranes of the host cell, contain host cell phospholipids and membrane proteins.
Also contain proteins and glycoproteins of viral origin.
bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria, AKA phage
host range
the species that a type of virus can infect
lytic cycle
a phage replicative cycle that culminates in death of the host cell (lyse = break open)
virulent phage
a page that only reproduces by lytic cycle
restriction enzymes
bacterial enzymes on walls that cut up foreign DNA, preventing some infections
lysogenic cycle
allows replication of the phage genome without destroying the host
temperate phages
capable of using both modes of replicating within a bacterium
prophage
viral DNA section in the bacterium’s chromosome
reverse transcriptase
enzyme that can transcribe an RNA template into DNA, the opposite of the usual direction
retrovirus
the RNA animal viruses that use the reverse transcriptase enzyme
HIV and AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus AND acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
provirus
integrated animal virus DNA into host cell, never leaves host genome (permanent resident)
