Week 3/4 Flashcards
Microsoft install package (.msi)
Used to guide a program called the Windows Installer in the installation, maintenance, and removal of programs on the Windows operating system
What OS and file extension are Debian packages used?
Ubuntu and file extension is .deb
What is the command to install a .deb package?
dpkg -i
Side loading
The act of installing mobile apps directly without the used of an app store
Cache for mobile apps
The reserves storage on a mobile device for the app. By clearing the cache for an app you have restored it to its original settings and signed out of any accounts on it
Archive
Comprised of one or more files that’s compressed into a single file
Package archives
The core or source software files that are compressed into one file
Popular archive file extensions
.rar
.zip
.tar
What is the windows command for PowerShell to archive files?
Compress-Archive -Path [source] [archive_name]
How to extract a file in Linux
7z e [archive]
How to create an archive in Linux
tar -cf [archive_name] [file1] [file2] etc…
- c is to create the archive
- f tells bash that the name is what’s coming next
Having dependencies
Counting on other pieces of software to make an application work, since one bit of code depends on another, in order to work
Library
A way to package a bunch of useful code that someone else wrote
What is a cmdlet?
Any windows command that uses the verb-noun format
Get-Help
Find-Package
Package managers
Come with the works to make package installation and removal easier, including installing package dependencies
Installing something from the repository in Linux?
sudo apt install [file]
Personal Package Archive (PPA)
A software repository for uploading source packages to be built and published as an Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) repository by Launchpad
In Ubuntu, where are repository sources listed?
They are found in the /etc/apt/sources.list file
What is Launchpad?
Allows open source software developers to develop, maintain, and distribute software
What’s the Linux command to update software in the apt repository?
sudo apt update
Driver
Used to help our hardware devices interact with our OS
What’s the first thing Windows asks a new device for when it is first plugged in?
Hardware ID
Character Device
Like a keyboard or mouse, transmit data character by character
Block Devices
Like USB drives, hard drives, and CDROMs; transfer blocks of data; a data block is just a unit of storage
What does uname command do in Linux? What does the -r flag after show you?
Shows you system information.
The flag shows you what kernel version you have.
What are the command steps to update the Linux kernel?
sudo apt update Enter password //this will update the apps on Linux first
sudo apt full-upgrade //this will update the kernel if an update is available
What does SD include in Linux?
Memory sticks, USB drives, and hard drives
Filesystem
Used to keep track of files and file storage on a disk
What is a recommended filesystem for Windows?
NTFS
What is a recommended filesystem for Linux?
ext4
Partition
The piece of a disk that you can manage
Volume
A formatted filesystem on a partition
Partition table
Tells the OS how the disk is partitioned
Master Boot Record (MBR) ; memory size?
Traditional partition table used in the Windows OS ; <2TB volume size
GUID Partition Table
Upcoming partition table replacing MBT table ; >2TB ; unlimited partitions
What Windows native software can be used for partitioning disks
Disk Management Utility
Mounting
Making something accessible to the computer, like a filesystem or a hard disk
how to unmount a drive in Linux?
sudo unmount drive_location
Swap Space
In Linux, the dedicated area of the hard drive used for virtual memory
What command in Windows makes a symbolic link
mklink
How do you make hard link in windows command prompt?
mklink /H
What does an inode store in Linux?
File metadata - everything about the file except the file name and the file data
How to specify a soft link and a hard link in Linux
ln -s filename //softlink
ln filename //hardlink
Disk defragmentation
Takes all the files stored in a given disk, and reorganize them into neighboring locations
Trim
Like disk defragmentation for hard disk drives, but for solid state drives
How to view the disk utilization on linux
du -h
Data buffer
A region of RAM that’s used to temporarily store data while it’s being moved around
What’s the command to check on the self-healing process of a drive
fsutil repair query drive_name
