week 3

Question 1

in communities of practice

Answer 1

• language is one of many kinds of practices that mark membership
• all communities have positive and negative markers to demonstrate identity affiliation
• many practices arise through the logic of oppositional identity (in-group more distinct)
• useful for studying gender and sexuality because we consciously and unconsciously do these things to mark being certain one (positive: pronoun pins, negative: avoiding harmful terms)

Question 2

tactics of intersubjectivity

Answer 2

• adequation and distinction
• authentication and denaturalization
• authorization and illegitimation

Question 3

adequation and distinction

Answer 3

we create categories (similarity vs difference) and try to fit them in our interactions

Question 4

authentication and denaturalization

Answer 4

• making “real” and natural performative gender actions vs. those seen as “less real”
• ie. hockey hair from gel vs. actully from a helmet

Question 5

authorization and illegitimation

Answer 5

societies, institutions allow and recognize some categories and not others

Question 6

irvine and gal’s ideologies of differientiation

Answer 6

• iconization
• fractal recursivity
• erasure

Question 7

iconization

Answer 7

• takes a feature of speech and connects to the “nature of the group”
• ie. chukchu women say “c/ch” and men say “r” (mcen vs mren)

Question 8

fractal recursivity

Answer 8

• a level of opposition gets replayed at multiple levels
• ie. the masculine vs. feminine dichotomy repeated in straight vs. gay, which is “better” hierarchy

Question 9

erasure

Answer 9

• renders some features or categories invisible
• ie. feminine and masculine dichotomy does not account for non-binary identities, straight and gay dichotomy does not account for bisexuality/queer/pansexual

Question 10

stance

Answer 10

• the position we take in a conversation
• we create relationships (to their talk and interlocutor) through interactions
• helps form registers as stances vary in meaning depending on context

Question 11

stance markers examples

Answer 11

• “dude” points to masculinity, jewelry points to femininity, short hair= masculinity/long hair= femininity

Question 12

how “dude” and “girl” are stance markers

Answer 12

• terms of address (endearment, closeness, comfort)
• exclamation
• confrontational
• discourse marker