Week 3 Flashcards
Other theories
Sociocultural Constraints (5 categories)
Physical
Social
Economic
Cultural
Historical
Sociocultural Theories of Cog Dev’t
Vygotsky
Children as active learners– focus on how knowledge is acquired
Children as products of their cultures– adult & peer role
generally continuous change
What is the zone of proximal dev’t
range between what children can do unsupported and what they can do with OPTIMAL social scaffolding
Social scaffolding: knowledgivle ppl lead children to higher order thinking thru temp frameworks
intersubjectivity & social referencing definitions
Intersubjectivity: mutual understanding established during communication
Social referencing: children look to social partners for guidance abt how to respond to given events
Info Processing Theories
focus: how dif cog processes change across dev’t, less focus on the role of others
continuous cog change,
how does information procesing see the child in terms of problem solving?
they are the problem solvers– goals, percieved obsticle & a strategy or rule to acomplish
what are examples of basic processes?
basic processes: simplest and most freuqnetly used mental activities
ie encoding (the process of taking info ina nd assigning meaning to it)
- recalling facts
- recognizing smt as familliar
what do we know about the development of the 3 memory systems?
Processing Speed– myelenation & increased connectivity facilitates this
Memory System Components– Sensory, Working and Long-Term Memory
what are some strategies we can use to aid in the storage of long-term memory?
Rehearsal and Selective attn
emerge between 5-8 y.o!
Core Knowledge Theories
children have innate cognitive capabilities– evolutionary
ie children know lots abt hte physical domain before theyre even exposed to it– continuity, coherence, contact
what is continuity & name an example of it
continuity is the understanding that something continues even if we cant see a portion of it (ie a line)
what is coherence and name an example
coherence is the understanding that smething sis still there even if we cant see it
what is contact and name an example
contact is the undeerstanding that an object wont move until there is a force put on it
what is brofenbrenners ecological theiry of development?
a child’s environment if composed of a plethora of systems which interact to impact the child directly
Mircosystem
- child is present and focuses on the child’s activities/roles/relationships with immediate caregivers, family etc
Mesosystem
- connections btwn various microsystems (e.g., rules in schools coordinated with rules
at home)
- supportive connections lead to positive outcomes
Exosystem
- child is not present – but this level still influences development
Eg – parent work place – good/bad parental leave policy. So even though a child doesn’t directly
participate in the work place where their parent might work, the policies of that place of employment could
nonetheless still impact the child.
Macrosystem
- cultural values and beliefs (e.g., attitudes toward gender roles)
Chronosystem
- temporal dimension affecting experiences/values/etc. (e.g., growing up during a time
of war might present unique constraints on a child compared with growing up during a time of relative
prosperity and peace)
