Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulmonary > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

cardioversion

A

restores normal sinus rhythm
electrical or pharmacological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PT implication of cardioversion

A

no restrictions or limitations
no immediate bedrest
watch for changes in heart rhythm at rest or activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what dx can cardioversion be used for

A

A-fib
SVT
stable v-tach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cardiac ablation

A

used to stop or prevent arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

types of cardiac ablation

A

Atrial fibrillation ablation
Atrial flutter ablation
AV node ablation
SVT ablation
Ventricular tachycardia ablation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PT implications for cardiac ablation

A

bed rest for a few hours if using the femoral artery catheter site
no restrictions/precautions
what for changes in heart rhythm at rest or activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endarterectomy

A

procedure used to remove plaque from narrowed or blocked arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

complications for endarterectomy

A

vasospasm
rupture
stroke
peripheral clot in the leg
compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PT implications for endarterectomy

A

neuro– sensation, coordination, cognition
integ check
strength testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

balloon angioplasty

A

tiny balloon deflated and guided through the artery to a blockage
balloon gets inflated to widen the lumen of a vessel and therefore increase blood flow to the heart
stent can be placed during procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PT implications for balloon angioplasty

A

bed rest for a few hours if using femoral artery
no restrictions/precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention PCI

A

small, expandable stents used to open up narrowed coronary arteries

stents: drug induced or bare metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

results of percutaneous coronary intervention

A

reduce symptoms
increase blood flow
help keep vessels open to prevent further problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complications of percutaneous coronary intervention

A

infection or rejection
stent could fail
stroke
risk for bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pacemaker

A

device used to control an irregular heart rhythm

no shock delivered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

precautions for pacemaker

A

no e-stim
no reaching OH, pushing, pulling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

A

delivers an electrical shock to restore a normal heart rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CABG

A

surgical procedure to restore normal blood flow to an obstructed coronary artery

relieves or prevents left ventricular dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ON PUMP CABG

A

heart is stopped and blood is filtered via machine
utilizes bypass harvesting
2 openings total
commonly from saphenous vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

OFF PUMP CABG

A

performed without the use of a heart-lung machine
allows procedure to be done on a beating heart

associated with decreased post op complications and recovery time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

minimally invasive CABG

A

commonly for LAD
preserves the sternum

more painful because ribs are cracked open which makes it harder to breath
no sternal precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CABG post op complications

A

post-perfusion syndrome
cardiogenic shock
nonunion of the sternum
acute renal failure
stroke
pneumothorax/hemothorax
bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to vital organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

common medications used during cardiogenic shock

A

levophed
vasopressin
epinephrine
dobutamine and milrinone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

reduced cardiac function due to fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

beck’s triad

A

hypotension
jugular vein distention
muffled heart sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 surgical options for cardiac tamponade

A

subxiphoid pericardial window

medial sternotomy

CABG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

sternal wound complications

A

dehiscence

sternectomy–> debridement to remove infected bone

pectoralis flap–> covers where sternum was removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

most common A line

A

radial

30
Q

if transducer is too high _____

A

it will give a false low BP

31
Q

if transducer is too low _____

A

it will give a false high BP

32
Q

transducer should be at the ___________ space

A

4th intercostal

33
Q

annuloplasty

A

replaces the rim on the mitral or tricuspid valves

34
Q

valve replacement
mechanical

A

metallic or synthetic material
highly durable and can last a lifetime

BUT requires lifelong anticoagulation to decrease the risk of thromboembolism

35
Q

valve replacement
tissue or biologic

A

human, cow, or pig tissue
durability is 10-20 years

BUT no lifelong anticoagulation required

36
Q

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

A

minimally invasive
used for aortic valve only
NO restrictions or precautions

used for patients that are higher risk and cannot undergo heart surgery

37
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized, blood filled balloon like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel

as size increases, risk for rupture increases

38
Q

aneurysm can lead to

A

bleeding
hypovolemic shock
death

39
Q

locations for aortic aneurysm

A

descending thoracic
ascending thoracic
aortic root
aortic arch

40
Q

aortic dissection

A

tear occurs in the inner layer of the aorta lining

41
Q

endovascular aortic repair

A

minimally invasive method to manage abdominal or thoracic aortic aneurysms

NO PRECAUTIONS
**idea procedure

42
Q

pain rating 0-4

A

0– no pain
1– mildly, barely noticeable
2– moderate, bothersome
3– moderately severe, very uncomfortable
4– most severe or intense pain ever experienced

43
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

high blood glucose
high blood pressure
high lipid profile
large waist size
low HDL levels

44
Q

non-modifiable risk factors

A

Biological sex
Family history
Age
Race

45
Q

modifiable risk factors

A

HTN
High Blood Cholesterol and triglycerides
Type II Diabetes
Smoking
Overweight and obesity
Physical inactivity

46
Q

other risk factors than can be changed

A

stress
ETOH
diet and nutrition

47
Q

oxygen requirement

A

Any patient with a resting PO2 of less than 55 mm Hg on room air or an oxygen percentage saturation of less than 88%

48
Q

PaO2 levels (normal, mild, moderate, severe hypoxemic)

A

normal= 80-100
mild= 60-80
moderate= 40-60
severe= <40

49
Q

body postures/positions that may affect respiration

A

Kyphosis and scoliosis [limit vital capacity and hence exercise capacity]
Assuming the professorial position
Often unable to lie in a flat, supine position
Typically assume a semi-Fowler’s position

50
Q

central cyanosis

A

caused by diseases of the heart or lungs, or abnormal hemoglobin

Discoloration is systemic – skin would be colored

51
Q

peripheral cyanosis

A

is caused by decreased local circulation and increased extraction of oxygen in the peripheral tissues.

Discoloration is regional

52
Q

First heart sound/S1
Lub

A

associated with the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

corresponds with the onset of ventricular systole

results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal by the valves

Blood blocked from entering ventricles from the atria

53
Q

The second heart sound/S2
Dub

A

associated with the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

corresponds with the start of ventricular diastole

results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal

Blood blocked from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta

54
Q

Third heart sound/S3
Lub-dub-dub

A

occurs early in diastole while the ventricle is rapidly filling
Normal in healthy children or young adults
Abnormal in an older, physically inactive person or in the presence of heart disease
it typically indicates a loss of ventricular compliance
often called a ventricular gallop (overstretched)

55
Q

Fourth heart sound (S4)
La-lub-dub

A

occurs late in diastole, just before S1
Also known as atrial gallop
is not normal and is associated with an increased resistance to ventricular filling
hypertensive cardiac disease, coronary artery disease, or pulmonary disease

56
Q

stenosis

A

Aortic or Pulmonary Valve can’t fully open (Stenosis)

57
Q

regurgitation

A

Mitral or tricuspid valve can’t fully close (regurgitation/insufficiency)
Mitral valve prolapse/regurgitation is the
most common valvular condition

58
Q

murmurs result from

A

turbulent blood flow

59
Q

pitting edema scale
0-4

A

0 No depression
1+ Barely detectable depression when finger is depressed into the skin
2+ Slight indentation. <15 seconds to rebound
3+ Deeper indentation. 15-30 seconds to rebound
4+ > 30 seconds to rebound

60
Q

oxygen saturation

A

Should remain unchanged
Typically >95%

61
Q

desaturation

A

Fall below 90% or so
Abnormal response

62
Q

rubor dependency test is a good predictor of

A

PAD
Low negative predictive value (Can’t rule out potential PAD if rubor is not present)

63
Q

ABI normal vs low results

A

An ABI above 0.9 is considered normal

An ABI below 0.5 is suggestive of severe arterial occlusive disease

64
Q

ABI >1
symptoms and presentation

A

no symptoms
normal presentation

65
Q

ABO 0.41-0.9
symptoms and presentation

A

claudication
pain in calf with ambulation

66
Q

ABI 0.2-0.4
symptoms and presentation

A

critical limb ischemia
atrophic changes, rest pain, wounds

67
Q

ABI <0.2
symptoms and presentation

A

severe ischemia
gangrene/severe necrosis

68
Q

symptoms of PAD/PVD

A

Shiny and hairless skin, gangrene, weak pulses, wounds, numbness, intermittent claudication

69
Q

common cause of PAD/PVD

A

atheroscloreosis which decreases bloof flow to limbs
May also be caused by injury to limbs, irregular anatomy, infection

70
Q

HR drops sharply in the 1st minute post-exercise. It should recover by _______ per minute after this.

A

20 beats

71
Q

s/sx of exercise intolerance

A

Syncope; dizziness during activity
New onset of angina
Nausea & vomiting
Marked dyspnea (sudden SOB)
Unusual or severe fatigue
Ataxia, persistent unsteadiness, mental confusion
Severe claudication pain
Facial expression of severe distress
Cyanosis/pallor
Cold sweat
SBP > 250 mm Hg
DBP > 110 mm Hg
Drop in DBP > 20 mm Hg = STOP
Presence of arrhythmias
Excessive fatigue 2 or more hours after exertion– you overdid it

72
Q
A

Cardiopulmonary (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions