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Cardiopulmonary > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

circulatory system components

A

heart
blood vessels or vascular system
blood

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2
Q

blood is composed of formed elements:

A

plasma
erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets

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3
Q

hematocrit

A

percentage of blood volume that is erythrocytes

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4
Q

erythrocytes function

A

gas transport

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5
Q

RBC have a ___ ___to ___ ratio for improved diffusion in and out of cells

A

high surface area to volume ratio

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6
Q

platelets serve a major role in

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

arteries carry ____ blood

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

veins carry ____ blood

A

deoxygenated

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9
Q

PULMONARY arteries carry _____ blood to the ______

A

deoxygenated
lungs

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10
Q

PULMONARY veins carry _____ blood to the _____

A

oxygenated
heart

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11
Q

pressure

A

force exerted by the blood
blood moves high to low
measured in mmHg

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12
Q

flow

A

volume of blood moved per unit time
milliliters/minute

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12
Q

resistance

A

how difficult it is for blood to flow between 2 points
measure of friction

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13
Q

factors that determine resistance

A

blood viscosity
total blood vessel length
blood vessel radius

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14
Q

epicardium

A

the most superficial layer
a fibrous layer that is closely fixed to the heart

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15
Q

myocardium

A

the middle, thickest, layer of the heart
composed of cardiac muscle
forms the majority of the walls in the heart

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16
Q

endocardium

A

the inner layer of the heart
continuous with the lining of the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart

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17
Q

right atrium receives _____ from _____

A

deoxygenated blood
systemic and coronary circulations

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18
Q

left atrium receives _____ from _____

A

oxygenated
pulmonary circulation

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19
Q

right ventricle pumps _____ to _____

A

deoxygenated
lungs

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20
Q

left ventricle pumps _____ to _____

A

oxygenated
the rest of the body

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21
Q

right side of the heart

A

pulmonary circuit– to the lungs

22
Q

left side of the heart

A

systemic circuit– to the body

23
Q

right atrium pumps blood through ____ valve during ____

A

tricuspid
diastole

24
Q

structures of right atrium

A

fossa ovalis
right auricle
pectinate muscle

25
Q

right ventricle pumps blood through ____ valve during ____

A

pulmonary valve
systole

26
Q

structures of right ventricle

A

trabecular carne
papillary muscles
chordae tendinae

27
Q

left atrium pumps blood through ____ valve during ____

A

bicuspid
diastole

28
Q

structures of the left atrium

A

left auricle
pectinate muscle

29
Q

left ventricle pumps blood through ____ valve during ____

A

aortic
systole

30
Q

structures of left ventricle

A

trabeculae carneae
papillary muscle
chordae tendineae

31
Q

S1– lub=

A

closure of AV valve

32
Q

S2– dub=

A

closure of semilunar valve (pulmonary and aortic valves)

33
Q

blood flow is maximal during ____ and minimal during ____

A

diastole
systole

34
Q

coronary sinus

A

collects blood from the cardiac veins and returns to right atrium

35
Q

parasympathetic innervation

A

VAGUS NERVE
decreases HR

36
Q

sympathetic innervation

A

CARDIAC SPLANCHNIC NERVES
increases HR

37
Q

3 branches from the aortic arch

A

B– brachiocephalic trunk which divides to R common carotid and R subclavian
C– left common carotid
S– left subclavian artery

38
Q

conducting system of the heart– sequence

A

SA node
AV node
bundle of His

39
Q

SA node under goes a slow, gradual depolarization called ____

A

pacemaker potential

40
Q

period of ventricular contraction and blood ejection

A

systole

41
Q

period of ventricular relaxation and blood filling

A

diastole

42
Q

isovolumetric ventricular contraction

A

ventricles contracting but no blood movement because valves are closed
tension develops

43
Q

ventricular ejection

A

pressure gradient had been bet so valves open

44
Q

the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during systole

A

stroke volume

45
Q

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

A

aortic and pulmonary valves close so no blood enters/leaves the ventricles
volume is not changing

46
Q

ventricular filling

A

AV valves are open and blood flows into ventricles
atria contract at end of diastole

47
Q

volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle per unit time

A

cardiac output

48
Q

parasympathetic neuron stimulation cause HR to

A

decrease

49
Q

sympathetic neuron stimulation causes HR to

A

increase

50
Q

is sympathetic nerve stimulation fast or slow

A

fast

51
Q

is parasympathetic nerve stimulation fast or slow

A

slow

52
Q
A

Cardiopulmonary (6 decks)

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