Week 1 Flashcards
circulatory system components
heart
blood vessels or vascular system
blood
blood is composed of formed elements:
plasma
erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets
hematocrit
percentage of blood volume that is erythrocytes
erythrocytes function
gas transport
RBC have a ___ ___to ___ ratio for improved diffusion in and out of cells
high surface area to volume ratio
platelets serve a major role in
blood clotting
arteries carry ____ blood
oxygenated
veins carry ____ blood
deoxygenated
PULMONARY arteries carry _____ blood to the ______
deoxygenated
lungs
PULMONARY veins carry _____ blood to the _____
oxygenated
heart
pressure
force exerted by the blood
blood moves high to low
measured in mmHg
flow
volume of blood moved per unit time
milliliters/minute
resistance
how difficult it is for blood to flow between 2 points
measure of friction
factors that determine resistance
blood viscosity
total blood vessel length
blood vessel radius
epicardium
the most superficial layer
a fibrous layer that is closely fixed to the heart
myocardium
the middle, thickest, layer of the heart
composed of cardiac muscle
forms the majority of the walls in the heart
endocardium
the inner layer of the heart
continuous with the lining of the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart
right atrium receives _____ from _____
deoxygenated blood
systemic and coronary circulations
left atrium receives _____ from _____
oxygenated
pulmonary circulation
right ventricle pumps _____ to _____
deoxygenated
lungs
left ventricle pumps _____ to _____
oxygenated
the rest of the body
right side of the heart
pulmonary circuit– to the lungs
left side of the heart
systemic circuit– to the body
right atrium pumps blood through ____ valve during ____
tricuspid
diastole
structures of right atrium
fossa ovalis
right auricle
pectinate muscle
right ventricle pumps blood through ____ valve during ____
pulmonary valve
systole
structures of right ventricle
trabecular carne
papillary muscles
chordae tendinae
left atrium pumps blood through ____ valve during ____
bicuspid
diastole
structures of the left atrium
left auricle
pectinate muscle
left ventricle pumps blood through ____ valve during ____
aortic
systole
structures of left ventricle
trabeculae carneae
papillary muscle
chordae tendineae
S1– lub=
closure of AV valve
S2– dub=
closure of semilunar valve (pulmonary and aortic valves)
blood flow is maximal during ____ and minimal during ____
diastole
systole
coronary sinus
collects blood from the cardiac veins and returns to right atrium
parasympathetic innervation
VAGUS NERVE
decreases HR
sympathetic innervation
CARDIAC SPLANCHNIC NERVES
increases HR
3 branches from the aortic arch
B– brachiocephalic trunk which divides to R common carotid and R subclavian
C– left common carotid
S– left subclavian artery
conducting system of the heart– sequence
SA node
AV node
bundle of His
SA node under goes a slow, gradual depolarization called ____
pacemaker potential
period of ventricular contraction and blood ejection
systole
period of ventricular relaxation and blood filling
diastole
isovolumetric ventricular contraction
ventricles contracting but no blood movement because valves are closed
tension develops
ventricular ejection
pressure gradient had been bet so valves open
the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during systole
stroke volume
isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
aortic and pulmonary valves close so no blood enters/leaves the ventricles
volume is not changing
ventricular filling
AV valves are open and blood flows into ventricles
atria contract at end of diastole
volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle per unit time
cardiac output
parasympathetic neuron stimulation cause HR to
decrease
sympathetic neuron stimulation causes HR to
increase
is sympathetic nerve stimulation fast or slow
fast
is parasympathetic nerve stimulation fast or slow
slow
