week 3 Flashcards
Skin: what is the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers
Epidermis- thick covering that protects the underlying tissue
dermis- the middle layer of the skin, connective tissue
subcutaneous- fat layer which is the bottom-most layer of skin
What is photoaging?
Aging that has to due with skin being affected by the sun
Appearance: Why does hair turn grey
loses pigment due to slowing of melanin due old age
Hair loss: Androgenetic alopecia
Hair loss that occurs in a pattern for both men and women
Height starts to decrease as we age, especially for women because of
loss of bone mineral content
What are trends in weight as we age (3)
fat-free mass decreases, body mass index increases, In late years we see a decrease in weight mostly due to loss of bone and muscle
Exercise recommendations:
150 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per week in bouts of ten minutes or more
muscle and bone strength activities 2 times per week
Mobility is affected by muscles how so?
muscle mass changes with age, or sarcopenia, which just occurs gradually over
Mobility: bones
Is living tissue
and peaks in early adulthood for both sexs, and declines more abruptly for women due to menopause
Joints, by what age has cartilidge that protects joints begun to degrenerate
20-30 but stress and repeated use of joints can cause them to wear off faster
Cardiovascular system: What is plaque
hard deposits inside the arterial walls, consisting of cholesterol, cellular waste, calcium and fibrin
Cardiovascular efficiency is indexed by aerobic capacity:
The maximum amount of oxygen that can be delivered through the blood
Cardiac output:
the amount of blood that the heart pumps per minute
What type of metabolism also helps to regular the function of arteries
lipid metabolism
good and bad chelosterol is a product of too much or too little of what? and how does good and bad chelosteroal function differently
High density lipoproteins: transport lipids out of the body (good cholesterol)
Low density: opposite (bad chelesterol)
How do you calculate lung age?
Mathematical function showing how old your lung is based on a combination of your age and measure obtained from a spirometer called forced expiratory volume
Urinary system: Kidneys are composed of blank. Which do what
Nephrons, which are cells serving as filters that cleanse the blood of metabolic waste
aging leads to nephron loss
Unitary systems: about blank percents of adults over 65 suffer from the urge incontinence in which the individual experiences
30, and a sudden urge to pee or start to leak
Digestive system: after the age of 65, what occurs? (3)
Saliva production decreases
Stomach empties more slowly
Decrease in lever volume and blood flow through the liver may also occur
Digestive health can be maintained by
Eating a diet that includes a balance among foods containing protein, complex carbohydrates, and fats
What is the endocrine system?
Include a complex set of structures that produce hormones via feedback loops involving the body’s organs
What part of the brain triggers the release of chemicals
hypothalamus
Change to growth hormone leads to
Loss of bone mineral content
Increase in fat
Decrease in muscle mass
Losses in strength, exercise tolerance, and quality of life in general
What is the glutocoid cascade hypothesis?
The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis theorizes that stress wears on mechanisms essential to the functioning of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis—a major neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates essential body processes, such as digestion, the immune system, mood and emotions, sexuality, and energy storage and expenditure.
